3 stages of development of political science. Bureaucracy: Definition, Theory, Development and Control 2022-12-26
3 stages of development of political science Rating:
9,7/10
383
reviews
Political science is a discipline that studies the systems, processes, and behavior of government and politics. It is a broad field that encompasses a range of subfields, including comparative politics, international relations, public policy, and political theory. Political science has a long and rich history, and its development can be divided into three main stages: the classical stage, the modern stage, and the contemporary stage.
The classical stage of political science began in ancient Greece and Rome and lasted until the 18th century. During this time, political science was primarily concerned with the study of political philosophy, including the ideas of philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, and Machiavelli. These philosophers sought to understand the nature of the state, the role of the citizen, and the proper way to govern. They also developed theories of justice, democracy, and political authority that continue to influence political science today.
The modern stage of political science began in the 19th century and lasted until the mid-20th century. During this time, political science became more empirical and scientific in nature. Scholars began to use data and systematic methods to study political phenomena, and they developed a range of theories and models to explain and predict political behavior. The modern stage also saw the emergence of new subfields, such as comparative politics, which focused on the study of different political systems, and international relations, which examined the relationships between states and other actors in the international system.
The contemporary stage of political science began in the mid-20th century and continues to the present day. During this time, political science has become even more interdisciplinary, drawing on fields such as economics, sociology, psychology, and anthropology to better understand political phenomena. The contemporary stage has also seen the development of new subfields, such as public policy, which focuses on the study of policy-making and policy analysis, and political psychology, which examines the psychological and cognitive factors that influence political behavior.
In conclusion, political science has undergone significant development over the course of its history. From its roots in classical political philosophy, it has evolved into a more empirical and interdisciplinary discipline that seeks to understand and explain the complexities of government and politics.
Modernization and Political Development
Its inordinate love for law or to act according to law, to ignore the prime interests of common people, arrogance, mis-behaviour with people, zeal to protect personal interests at the cost of the interests of society, corruption at all levels, particularly at high levels, unholy alliance between officials and politicians, non-accountability etc. The same author would write repeatedly that he who knows only one thing knows nothing at all. It provides information, but as such, it does not suggest an interpretation. They established processing plants in order to use the raw material of the dependent countries for their motherland. Sovereignty has been unpacked, fragmented, and segmented, thereby challenging a long normative and hypocritical tradition that assumed that sovereignty is an indivisible reality. Its goal is to respond to this information and to bring about change to satisfy its needs, and to enhance the range and diversity of goals that can be satisfied.
Political Science as Science: The Stages of Becoming
In a number of countries the system of ombudsman has been introduced though in different names. It has permitted the construction of a particular type of scientific explanation based on correlations, as it assesses the validity of an explanation by assuming a correspondence between the properties of the independent variables and those of the dependent variables. There is absolutely no scope of opposition parties, independent judiciary or the rule of, law. In USA and UK this is a very common practice and nobody sees anything abnormal in this practice. Then it threw into space Apple. If the system moves towards left, it would mean there are much more demands on the system to participate in the decision-making or for sharing of benefits, and the forces of capacity thereby have reduced strength to check them from putting more pressure on the system. Must-Read— It was said that the administration would play a more client oriented and effective role from the point of view of politics.
All the officers are subject to the higher authority. In our analysis of corporatist theory we have seen that, in advanced capitalism, bureaucracy is deeply involved in all the activities of the state and this involvement is increasing day after day. So much so, that rich countries like Brazil and India became poorer, their natural resources were exploited by countries of trade and industry, with less and less return to the producer. In the second place, politicisation of the bureaucracy shall be stopped. Moreover, when using this method, one is forced to neglect factors that are not easily quantifiable, such as cultural factors. Modern economic organisation and the administrative structure have reached such a stage that bureaucracy has established its indispensability.
Introduction to Political Science: The Development of Political Science
In fact, the latter have been based on a culturally defined view of family organization, social needs, and individual expectations. If there are ideological differences between the political executives and top administrators then clash of opinion is inevitable. . The Westerners believe in this institution thoroughly and they regard it as the key to modernization but the communists regard this political democracy as the rule of a few bourgeoisie and though there is the dictatorship of the Communist Party in the U. Some of the problems have not at all been considered by development-theorists, such as, political succession, choice of development strategy, procurement of resources for development, intervention of superpowers, cold war or military pressure, population explosion, etc. All the developed countries have passed through them, and the developing nations too will have to undergo them.
Although, Riggsian dialectical model deals with the processes of internal differentiation, yet it can also explain a lot of changes taking place outside of a political system. Advanced countries invest their capital in the former colonies and use them as suppliers of raw materials and labour at throwaway prices. Keohane 1941— : A professor who helped develop the neoliberal theory of international relations. It has revolutionised economies, cultures and communities the world over. But there is an important contribution of capitalism.
In reality, there is a reciprocal interaction between them, since the institutional variable considered may produce different effects if the variables with which it is linked are subjected to specific and unforeseen influences. This problem compels the system to invite its various groups, classes, etc. In this case, India followed the model of Soviet Union. It constitutes an adaptation to political science of theories developed in the field of economics. For them, capability, competence, skill, effectively, etc. During 1983-84 and 1984-85, Rs.
Theories of Political Development (Explained With Diagram)
They established their political authority over them, and had a free hand in their total exploitation. So the bureaucracy must take action. The key to political development is the ability to shape and be shaped by environment. Thus modernization is a process, which means a change in all the fields, social, cultural, psychological, economic and political but still it is essentially an economic concept. Certain crisis situations seem to increase the likelihood of this kind of breakdown. It is in Africa that the consolidation of democracy has continued to be an open question.
But it does not mean that emerging nations should undergo the same process. At the same time, the end of the Cold War and the prospect of the political reaggregation of the continent have accelerated the process of European integration; in the period from the Maastricht Treaty 1992 to the Lisbon Treaty 2009 , Europe has become the European Union or EU. Communist Model of Political Development : The communist model of political development is based largely on Marxist-Leninist ideology. This new trend of public administration is known as New Public Administration. The landmark of scientific thought was the work of N.
