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An airlift bioreactor is a type of bioreactor that uses air or gas to lift and mix the culture media within the bioreactor. This type of bioreactor is commonly used in the production of microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, as well as in the fermentation of plant and animal cells.
One of the main advantages of using an airlift bioreactor is that it allows for efficient mixing of the culture media without the need for mechanical agitation. This can be particularly useful for sensitive microorganisms or cells that may be damaged by mechanical agitation. In addition, the lack of mechanical agitation can also reduce the risk of contamination and the formation of foam, which can be common problems in other types of bioreactors.
Another advantage of airlift bioreactors is that they can operate at high cell densities, allowing for a larger yield of the desired product. They also have a relatively simple design and are relatively easy to operate and maintain.
Airlift bioreactors are generally classified into two main types: internal and external. Internal airlift bioreactors have a draft tube within the bioreactor vessel, which creates the upward flow of air or gas that lifts and mixes the culture media. External airlift bioreactors, on the other hand, have a separate airlift column that is connected to the bioreactor vessel. The air or gas is introduced into the airlift column, which creates the upward flow and mixing of the culture media.
One disadvantage of airlift bioreactors is that they can be less efficient at heat and mass transfer compared to other types of bioreactors. This can make it more difficult to control the temperature and pH of the culture media, which can impact the growth and productivity of the microorganisms or cells being cultured.
Overall, airlift bioreactors are a useful tool for the production of microorganisms and the fermentation of plant and animal cells. They offer several advantages, including efficient mixing, high cell densities, and a simple design, but they may be less efficient at heat and mass transfer compared to other types of bioreactors.
US8846382B2
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. To achieve this configuration, the two plastic films forming the bag need to be bigger in size than the divider film. If the liquid velocity is greater than the free rising velocity of the bubbles generated, the gas is carried down, resulting in a longer contact time between the bubble and the liquid. In this manner, the aspect ratio of the container may be adjusted as desired to achieve the desired level of mixing, while achieving a desired size and shape of the container. Utilization of an airlift system may also demonstrate cost savings in the elimination of a mechanical agitator and from the reduction of extra cooling requirements. The inflation tube 28 is then connected to a supply of gas, preferably air, and this gas is then pumped into at least the annular portion 30 of the draft tube 14. The relative ease in obtaining data from a tower loop airlift reactor made this type of reactor the choice of many laboratory studies.
The coaxial draft tube functions because the aerated section. Thus, in use, the container 12 of the bioreactor 10 is filled with the liquid culture medium M, and provided with a quantity of cells or organisms to be cultured. A Comparative Study on Bio Reactors. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list. This aeration, in use, effects circulation of the fluid M within the container 12, in particular by counter current vertical circulation upwardly and around the draft tube 14.
Applications of Airlift Bioreactors 1. The reason for this is the replacement of the stainless steel bioreactor vessel with a pre-sterilised plastic bioreactor container or bag which would only be used once; making the otherwise required sterilisation e. Oxygen is dissolved into the media, sustaining the cells. In some designs, the flow pattern is reversed by sparging the air at the bottom of the annulus between the draft tube and also the outer wall. A main drawback in biotechnological process control is the problem of measuring key physical and biochemical parameters. This diminishes the energy requirements, since part of the gas is injected against a lower hydrostatic pressure.
Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. It is first converted to a more suitable form for processing. Fundamentals of Airlift Bioreactors 1. Thus, in order to effect aerated counter current vertical circulation through the draught tube 214, a sparge tube 50 is provided, which opens onto the interior of the base 24, and through which may be supplied gas, in particular air, in order to effect the upward aeration of the draught tube 214. They differ however in that air lift bioreactors contain an inner draft tube that creates the drafting force required for liquid circulation and possible improvement of bulk mixing. Continuous ethanol production by a flocculating strain of Kluyveromyces marxiamis: Bioreactor performance.
A capital cost of this fermentation is high in contrast of other fermenter but design of the fermenter have significant impact on production. In this approach there is no risk of shear forces inside the draft region causing the dividing panel to collapse since when the bag is filed, the panel is under tension and taut. Cells in culture may thus be exposed to contrasting environments in a mechanically stirred vessel, either to minimal shear forces that may generate potentially undesirable gradients in temperature and in substrate, metabolite, and electrolyte concentrations or, alternatively, to highly turbulent zones, with no problems of heat or mass transfer, but with very high shear gradients that may endanger cell integrity or exert some influence on cell morphology and metabolism 6. A disposable airlift bioreactor suited to replace the traditional airlift bioreactor would be especially attractive since it could provide considerable reduction in capital investment as well as operating costs. It is non-toxic and corrosion-proof. Again, an inflation tube 128 passes from an exterior of the container into fluid communication with the draught tube 114, which is inflatable along the full length thereof, and which is again of double wall configuration in order to allow the inflation thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a disposable airlift bioreactor.
Plates with different technical design are mounted to form a small layer of culture suspension, which provides an optimized light supply. Principles and Applications of Fermentation Technology , August , 141—161. The draft tube in particular has represented a problem in translating the traditional airlift bioreactor to a disposable version since bags made out of plastic sheets were already used to store and transport liquids. The proprietary geometry of the reactor is characterized in particular by the optimal light input with simultaneous shear-free mixing of the culture. In the preferred embodiment illustrated, the bioreactor 10 is provided with aeration means in the form of perforations or sparge holes 32 located on an interior wall of the annular portion 30, in order to allow the escape of gas from the annular portion 30, to rise upwardly through the tube 14. However, by effecting inflation of at least the annular portion 30, the inflated draught tube 14 provides stability against these suction forces, thus preventing the draught tube 14 from collapsing.
Low-pressure airlift fermenters are designed to couple heat and mass transfer processes using a single vehicle, viz, low-pressure air. Indeed, the changes in liquid volume in these reactors are limited to the region of the gas separator, since the liquid height must always be sufficient to allow liquid recirculation in the reactor and must therefore be above the separation between the riser and the downcomer. Principles and applications of fermentation technology. However, these systems are prone to contamination due to the lack of environmental control. Investigation of potential copyright issue Please note this is about the text of this Wikipedia article; it should not be taken to reflect on the subject of this article. The AirLift bioreactor system is also extended as a Moving Bed Bioreactor.
Director Menon wrote the script after studying the whole incident of war and the predicament of Indians based in Kuwait. The same air is used to supply oxygen to the microorganisms, provide broth agitation, disperse hydrocarbon and remove heat of fermentation. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed. Generally, these boxes are arranged into a system by linking them. The bioreactor can for example be used for growing eukaryotic organisms such as, but not limited to, nematodes and other worms.
