Describe the behaviourist approach in psychology. Behaviourist Approach In Psychology 2022-12-12
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The behaviorist approach in psychology is a perspective that focuses on observable behavior and the external stimuli that influence it. This approach is based on the idea that behavior can be explained through the principles of conditioning and reinforcement, rather than by inner mental states or processes.
The early foundations of behaviorism were laid by psychologists such as Ivan Pavlov, who conducted famous experiments on classical conditioning in dogs. In these experiments, Pavlov paired a neutral stimulus (such as the sound of a bell) with the presentation of food. After repeated pairings, the dogs began to salivate in response to the sound of the bell alone, demonstrating that the neutral stimulus had become a conditioned stimulus that could elicit a specific response (salivation).
Another important figure in the development of behaviorism was B.F. Skinner, who proposed the theory of operant conditioning. This theory posits that behaviors that are followed by positive consequences (reinforcement) are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors that are followed by negative consequences (punishment) are less likely to be repeated. Skinner used this theory to explain how animals, including humans, learn new behaviors through reinforcement and punishment.
The behaviorist approach has been influential in shaping our understanding of how learning occurs and has had practical applications in fields such as education and therapy. However, it has also been criticized for its focus on observable behavior to the exclusion of inner mental states and processes, and for its deterministic view of human behavior.
Despite these criticisms, the behaviorist approach continues to be an important and influential perspective in psychology and has contributed significantly to our understanding of how behavior is shaped by external stimuli and reinforcement.
Behaviorism
For example, unwanted behaviors, such as tardiness and dominating class discussion can be extinguished through being ignored by the teacher rather than being reinforced by having attention drawn to them. . If behaviour is done and the consequences are negative they are therefore punished and so therefore the person does not enjoy it. . But if they are never told right from wrong, they will continue doing things that are frowned-upon.
They combined the loud noise with the rat which e later developed a phobia of. Behaviourism is a scientific approach in psychology that advocates the use of strict experimental methods in order to study only observable behaviour in relation to the environment. Behaviourists deal with the following forms of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Describe and discuss the behaviourist approach in psychology The behaviourists are a school of psychology that believe that behaviour is learned. Classical conditioning is simply when a stimulus creates some form of response but one that has not been observed before.
The Biological Approach is the theory that all the knowledge we have is innate, and our behaviour is caused by activity in the CNS. EVIDENCE: For example, the Behavioural approach reduces complex behaviours down to learning through our environment through association and rewards and punishment. Benefits of Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy is widely used and has been shown to be effective in treating a number of different conditions. For instance, some teachers use consistent encouragement to help students learn operant conditioning while others focus more on creating a stimulating environment to increase engagement classical conditioning. Cognitive behavioral therapy CBT , for instance, attempts to change negative behaviors by changing the destructive thought patterns behind them. Observing others being rewarded or punished for their actions can lead to learning and behavior change. Introversion Scale Scoring 39 Appendix 3.
Describe and Discuss the Behaviourist Approach in Psychology Essay
Many criticise that the Behaviourists focus too much on being deterministic, which is the belief that behaviour id determined but the environment and that we do not choose to respond to a stimulus. This showed that he had learned to associate his response becoming afraid and crying to another stimulus that had not frightened him before. For this reason behaviourist use mainly experimental methods for research so they can manipulate the variables resulting in them being able to study the results and reach conclusions. Weaknesses: 1 POINT: The behaviourist approach is deterministic claiming that all thought and behaviour is caused by factors outside of our control. It is believed that we are all born 'blank slates' and that all our behaviourists are learnt.
This type of learning is active, the individual who is learning is actively changing their behaviour according to the type of reinforcement offered in return. This is a strength to behaviourism, as experiments are measurable and can be replicated, producing reliable and consistent results. He was working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. . One strength of the behaviourist approach is that it is very scientific. Another way in which the behaviourist approach can be learnt is by operant conditioning. A limitation of the experiment would be the unethicalness, is it right to treat a dog like this? This can be found at www.
Describe and Evaluate the Behaviourist Approach in Psychology Essay Example
When collecting data, bio psychologists prefer methods that are quantitative and well controlled, as they collect valid scientific evidence, whereas behaviourists assume we learn like animals do and therefore they use lab experiments which are highly controllable. Classical conditioning has been used Describe and Evaluate the Behaviourist Approach in Psychology The basic assumption of the behaviourist approach is that all behaviour is learned through experiences a person has in their environment. . Everyone and everything around us has an impact on how we all behave. The rat continues to push the lever when it becomes hungry and it has learnt a new behaviour.
What Is Behaviorism in Psychology? Definition, Theories
Example of theories relevant to a particular research question. Gibbs Reflective Assignment On Non-Verbal Communication With A Patient With Demenita Introduction This assignment is a reflective account of my first experience when assisting a patient to eat lunch. I will define PCT, its origins and the theoretical constructs and philosophical influences that set it apart from other psychological theories, as well as explore how its founder viewed personality development, and psychological disorders. Albert Bandura — Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory is also called observational learning. Words: 84844 - Pages: 340 Premium Essay Homosexuality. The neutral stimulus would eventually produce the same response that was first produced by the unconditioned stimulus. Then Pavlov would ring a bell, and then give the dog food.
A strength of this theory is that so many things are controlled by your genes, your hair and eye colour, your height, so why not your behaviour. . Internal processes that the brain is capable of such as thoughts, emotions and rationalisation are overlooked. Classical conditioning and operate conditioning both explain the behaviourist approach in a simplified account and can help us grasp an understanding of why an individual may choose to behave in a certain manner. .
