Drug adulteration ppt. adulteration lecture blog.sigma-systems.com 2022-12-25

Drug adulteration ppt Rating: 4,2/10 1618 reviews

Drug adulteration is the practice of intentionally adding impurities or contaminants to drugs, either to increase profit or to reduce costs. It is a serious problem that poses significant risks to public health, as adulterated drugs may be ineffective or even harmful to those who consume them.

Adulterated drugs can take many forms, including fake or counterfeit drugs that are sold as the real thing, or genuine drugs that have been tampered with in some way. Common forms of drug adulteration include the addition of inactive ingredients, the dilution of active ingredients, or the substitution of one drug for another.

One of the most common forms of drug adulteration is the addition of inactive ingredients, also known as "fillers." These ingredients may be added to drugs to bulk up the volume, making it appear as though the drug contains more active ingredients than it actually does. This allows manufacturers to sell smaller amounts of the active ingredient at a higher price, while still maintaining the appearance of a full-strength product.

Another form of drug adulteration is the dilution of active ingredients. This can be done by adding water or other substances to the drug, which reduces the concentration of the active ingredient and makes the drug less effective. Dilution can also occur if a drug is stored improperly, or if it is not manufactured according to proper quality control standards.

Substitution of one drug for another is another form of drug adulteration. This can occur when a cheaper or less effective drug is sold as a more expensive or more effective drug. For example, a manufacturer may sell a generic drug as a brand-name drug, or may sell a cheaper version of a drug as the more expensive, extended-release version.

The dangers of drug adulteration are numerous. Adulterated drugs may be ineffective at treating the condition they are intended for, leading to worsening health outcomes for those who rely on them. In some cases, adulterated drugs may even be harmful, containing contaminants or impurities that can cause serious side effects or allergic reactions.

To combat the problem of drug adulteration, it is important for governments and regulatory agencies to enforce strict quality control standards and to vigorously prosecute those who engage in this practice. It is also important for consumers to be aware of the risks associated with adulterated drugs and to only purchase medications from reputable sources.

In conclusion, drug adulteration is a serious problem that poses significant risks to public health. It is important for governments and regulatory agencies to enforce strict quality control standards and for consumers to be aware of the risks associated with adulterated drugs. By taking these precautions, we can help to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medications we rely on to maintain our health and well-being.

adulteration lecture blog.sigma-systems.com

drug adulteration ppt

Exhausted saffron is colored artificially, ginger is mixed with starch and colored to produce proper shade. Arabian Senna Cassia angustifolia , dog Senna Cassia obovata and avaram Cassia auriculata have been used to adulterate Senna Cassia senna ; Japanese ginger Zingiber mioga to adulterate medicinal ginger Zingiber officinale. Usually the moulds encountered with poorly stored drugs include the genera Mucor e. Papaya seeds with pepper. ADULTRANT : The adulterant must be some material which in both cheap and available in fairly large amounts. Adulteration by Addition of Worthless Heavy Materials A large mass of stone mixed with Liquorice root, pieces of limestone are found in asafoetida and lead shot has occurred in pieces of opium etc.

Next

Drug adulteration problems PowerPoint (PPT) Presentations, Drug adulteration problems PPTs

drug adulteration ppt

However, bacterial growth is usually accompanied by the crude drug by growth of moulds whose presence is quickly evident by the characteristic smell and by the mass of clinging particles entrapped in the mycelial hyphae. However, if the drug is illegal, there is a need to take some steps. Replacement by exhausted drugs : this type of adulteration is seen in case of expensive drugs like cloves, saffron, tea, fennel, ginger. Presence of organic matter obtained from the same plant : In this case, advantage of similar color, odour and constituents is taken into consideration and other parts of the same plant are added to genuine drug. Thus, these types of materials require storage in a well-filled, airtight container.

Next

Drug adulteration pharmacognosy

drug adulteration ppt

As all leaves organisms require water for the development, perfectly dry drugs should be immune from secondary deterioration. Inhibition of enzymatic activity. Adulteration is a practice of substituting original crude drug partially or whole with other similar looking substances but the latter is either free from or inferior in chemical and therapeutic properties. Types of crude drug adulteration: Crude drugs are adulterated by a number of illegal acts. Usually in crude drugs, this practice includes substitution of the original crude drugs partially or fully with other substances which is either free from or inferior in therapeutic and chemical properties.

Next

Example of Adulterated and Misbranded Drugs

drug adulteration ppt

Barks: collected in spring or early summer when the cambium is active; ex. DeteriorationDeterioration is an impairment of the quality or value of an article due to destruction or abstraction of valuable constituents by bad treatment or aging or to the deliberate extraction of the constituents and the sale of the residue as the original drugs. Arabian Senna Cassia angustifolia and dog Senna Cassia obovata have been used to adulterate Senna Cassia senna E. Eg: cloves are mixed with clove stalks, caraway and dill fruits are mixed with other parts of inflorescence. Substitution by Superficially Similar but Cheaper Natural Substances Usually here the adulterated product has no relation with the genuine article, may or may not have any therapeutic or chemical component desired, e.

Next

MPHA4218, L

drug adulteration ppt

. Inferior commercial varieties The adulterants use here may resemble original crude drug by morphological, chemical, or therapeutic characters, but are substandard in nature this is the most common practice of adulteration. Drugs stored in non-airtight containers are termed air-dry and contain about 10-12% of water depending on the humidity of the atmosphere. Section 1111b- the adulteration or misbranding of any food, drug, device or cosmetic Section 1919a- if its labeling is false or misleading in any particular19j- if it is dangerous to health when used in the dosage, or with the frequency of duration prescribed, recommended or suggested in the labelling thereof. Methyl salicilate to oil of wintergreen Synthetic colours in spices like Turmeric and chilly powder 7.

Next

Adulteration of drugs

drug adulteration ppt

Storage area should be kept clean and spillages not allowed to enter cracks or in accessible crevices. Drugs containing volatile oils are liable to loose their aroma if not dried CAREFULY Depending on the type of chemical constituents, a method of drying should be suitably selected Natural drying; sun drying or shade drying. Section 11b of R. For example liver warts and epiphytes growing in bark portion are mixed with Cascara or Cinchona; stems of buchu are sometimes cut into short lengths and added to the drug. Adulteration in simple words is the debasement of an article.

Next

Adulteration

drug adulteration ppt

In general, drugs should be protected by suitable light-proof wrapping or by the use of amber colour containers. Adulteration by Artificially ManufacturedAdulteration by Artificially Manufactured SubstitutesSubstitutes To provide the general form and appearance of various drugs, some materials are artificially manufactured and are used as substitute of the original one. Sometimes when coloring matters have been extracted or removed during exhaustion, the residue is re-colored with artificial dyes as is done with saffron and red rose petals. It is more common in case of volatile oil containing drugs like fennel. Light Photo-decomposition occurs with santonin, the principal constituents of wormseed, which on exposure to light darkens and eventually becomes black. Artificial invert sugar for honey.

Next

Adulteration

drug adulteration ppt

Substitution by Exhausted Drugs Here the same plant material is mixed which is having no active medicinal components as they have already been extracted out. It is priced for much costlier drugs. The best known examples of nematode worms are "Vinegar eel" Turbatrix aceti, Anguillula aceti, Anguina tritici which are found in wheat flour or in the crude drug containing starchy materials. The FDAnoted similar cases in a number of other states as well. These worms are visible to the unaided eye as minute threads continually curling and twisting in the medium they inhabit.

Next