Erik erikson background. An Introduction to Erikson’s Stages of Development 2022-12-13
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Erik Erikson was a famous psychoanalyst and developmental psychologist known for his theory of psychological development, which is often referred to as Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. He was born in Frankfurt, Germany on June 15, 1902 and was the son of Danish parents. Erikson was raised in a turbulent household, as his mother was Jewish and his father was a Lutheran. Erikson's parents divorced when he was young and he was raised by his mother and her family.
Erikson's early life was marked by a number of significant events that would later shape his theories about human development. One of these events was his mother's decision to send him to boarding school in Vienna when he was just five years old. This separation from his family had a profound impact on Erikson, as he later wrote about his feelings of abandonment and isolation during this time.
Erikson's interest in psychology began during his teenage years, when he attended a trade school in Dresden, Germany. There, he became fascinated by the work of Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts, and he decided to pursue a career in psychology. After completing his education, Erikson worked as a teacher and a social worker, eventually settling in the United States in 1933.
In the United States, Erikson began working as a psychoanalyst and began to develop his own theories about human development. He is best known for his theory of psychosocial development, which proposes that individuals go through a series of stages throughout their lifespan, each of which presents a unique set of challenges and opportunities. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development include:
Trust vs. Mistrust: This stage occurs during infancy and focuses on the development of trust and mistrust in the world.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: This stage occurs during early childhood and focuses on the development of self-control and self-esteem.
Initiative vs. Guilt: This stage occurs during middle childhood and focuses on the development of a sense of purpose and responsibility.
Industry vs. Inferiority: This stage occurs during adolescence and focuses on the development of a sense of competence and self-worth.
Identity vs. Role Confusion: This stage occurs during young adulthood and focuses on the development of a sense of self and personal identity.
Intimacy vs. Isolation: This stage occurs during adulthood and focuses on the development of close relationships with others.
Generativity vs. Stagnation: This stage occurs during middle adulthood and focuses on the development of a sense of purpose and contribution to society.
Ego Integrity vs. Despair: This stage occurs during late adulthood and focuses on the development of a sense of acceptance and satisfaction with one's life.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and has influenced many other theories of human development. His work continues to be studied and debated by psychologists and other researchers today. Overall, Erik Erikson's background and contributions to psychology have had a lasting impact on our understanding of human development and the psychological processes that shape who we are.
Erik Eriksson work and contribution to psychology
Six years after he began his training, the looming threats of Nazism in Germany forced Erik and his wife to emigrate to the United States, where in short order they began long and illustrious careers. Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. A Word From Verywell It is important to remember that the psychosocial stages are just one theory of It is also easy to look at each stage of Erikson's theory and consider how it can apply to your life. Stagnation Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family. Those who look back on a life they feel was well-lived will feel satisfied and ready to face the end of their lives with a sense of peace.
Sue is currently a psychoanalyst and psychotherapist who practices in New York City. If denied the opportunity to act on her environment, she may begin to doubt her abilities, which could lead to low self-esteem and feelings of shame. The fact that Homberger was not his biological father was concealed from Erikson for many years. Kai is now a respected sociologist and was chosen as the 76th president of the American Sociological Association. K OTRE, J OHN. Still, an individual should emerge from this stage with a greater sense of trust than mistrust. The couple had two young sons while they were living in Vienna.
In 1996, Joan suggested a ninth stage of psychosocial development. After completing high school, he moved to Florence to pursue his interest in art, and in 1927 became an art teacher at a psychoanalytically enlightened school for children started by Dorothy Burlingham and Anna Freud in Vienna. Isolation Relationships Love Middle Adulthood 40 to 65 years Generativity vs. Moving to America Erikson and his wife, Joan, became alarmed at the rise of the Nazis in the 1930s, and decided to emigrate. Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial development leads to the strength known as competence, in which children develop a belief in their abilities to handle the tasks set before them. Much like psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages.
Contributions Life Accomplishments Erikson was a prolific scientist whose career spanned nearly 60 years and included clinical practice as a child psychotherapist, academic appointments at Harvard, Yale, and Berkeley, numerous academic publications, and several long and protracted psychological case studies. This was exacerbated by his Jewish heritage, which caused him some awkwardness at school. Gen Z is entering. F RIEDMAN, L AWRENCE J. This involves trying to learn and master new skills in various aspects of life, such as academics, sports, arts and social skills. Similarly, if an adolescent emerges from the fifth stage without having successfully developed a strong sense of identity, he or she may have difficulty developing intimacy during the sixth stage. Included are his chapter on Maxim Gorky, his lectures on Thomas Jefferson, and his books on Martin Luther Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History, 1962 and Mahatma Gandhi.
Theories Of Erikson's Theory Of Identity Development
As life expectancy continues to rise in America, there are many more elderly people today than ever before. She had married a man named Valdemar Salomonsen, but her husband left Europe within a day of their marriage and went to North America; she never saw him again and he seems to have had no further relationship with her. If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that they cannot trust or depend upon the adults in their life. Those who receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from this stage with a strong sense of self and feelings of independence and control. They are the following: 1 Basic Trust versus Basic Mistrust infancy ; 2 Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt early childhood ; 3 Initiative versus Guilt play age ; 4 Industry versus Inferiority school age ; 5 Identity versus Role Confusion adolescence ; 6 Intimacy versus Isolation young adulthood ; 7 Generativity versus Stagnation adulthood ; 8 Ego Identity versus Despair later adulthood. The Eriksons never really settled anywhere, in many ways his career was one of unending research and clinical experience.
Our sense of personal identity is shaped by our experiences and interactions with others, and it is this identity that helps guide our actions, beliefs, and behaviors as we age. In his works Erikson puts special emphasis on puberty, because then a transition from childhood to adulthood. He explained his intention to provide context and descriptive detail for development, not precise facts about developmental mechanisms. New Year Special: 30% off Become a Premium member to receive full access, print feature, removing all ads, free lifetime downloads and updates to all eBooks and content. Each politician and guest sits for a thirty minute interview on stage with me.
The generativity versus stagnation stage is linked with middle age adulthood while ego integrity versus despair stage is linked with late adulthood explained for person. Authored by: Robert Bornstein. Moving to San Francisco, he was employed by the University of California at Berkeley as a lecturer and research associate. Adults who do not develop a positive self-concept in adolescence may experience feelings of loneliness and emotional isolation. Educational Years His stepfather wanted Erikson to enroll in medical school, but the boy wanted to study art.
. By 1950, he was an accepted and respected member of the psychoanalytical elite in the area. Approximately 9 cards per printable sheet 18 sheets, front and back. This is what Erikson termed generativity. A kid who emerges from this stage with a greater sense of autonomy than shame or doubt develops the virtue of will: the ability to make choices freely while also having self-control when appropriate.
