Factors that affect transpiration in plants. Environmental Factors Affecting Transpiration in Crop Growth, Productivity 2022-12-26
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Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is released from the leaves of a plant. It is an important aspect of the plant's water cycle, as it helps to regulate the plant's water balance and temperature. There are several factors that can affect the rate of transpiration in plants, including:
Environmental factors: Transpiration is influenced by the humidity and temperature of the surrounding air. As the humidity increases, the rate of transpiration decreases, since there is already a high amount of moisture in the air. On the other hand, as the temperature increases, the rate of transpiration increases, since the air is able to hold more moisture.
Plant factors: The structure of the plant's leaves can also affect transpiration. For example, plants with small, waxy leaves tend to have lower rates of transpiration, since the waxy coating helps to retain moisture. Similarly, plants with large, thin leaves tend to have higher rates of transpiration, since these leaves have a larger surface area for water to evaporate from.
Soil moisture: The moisture content of the soil can also affect transpiration. When the soil is dry, plants will transpire more in order to conserve water. On the other hand, when the soil is moist, plants will transpire less, since they have access to a sufficient amount of water.
Light intensity: Light intensity can also affect transpiration. When the intensity of light is high, the rate of transpiration increases, since the leaves of the plant are able to absorb more energy from the sun. This energy is then used to drive the process of transpiration.
Wind: Wind can also affect the rate of transpiration by increasing the rate of evaporation. When the leaves of a plant are exposed to a constant breeze, the rate of transpiration increases, since the wind helps to remove the moisture from the leaves.
Overall, the rate of transpiration in plants is influenced by a variety of factors, including the humidity and temperature of the surrounding air, the structure of the plant's leaves, the moisture content of the soil, the intensity of light, and the presence of wind. By understanding these factors, we can better understand how plants regulate their water balance and temperature, and how these processes are affected by changes in the environment.
What are the factors affecting transpiration in plants ?
Each guard cell has a nucleus, chloroplasts, and cytoplasm. Cuticular Thickness The thicker the layer of wax on the surface of a leaf, the less water vapour will be lost through transpiration. They hold a stationary layer of air also called boundary layer. The plants release the excess water through evaporation through different plant parts such as stems or the stomata present on the surface of the leaves by the process of transpiration. Advertisements What are the abiotic factors that affect transpiration? Ecology and Environmental Science, B.
Photosynthesis is a plant process that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into more complex organic compounds, especially sugars, using energy from sunlight. Maximum transpiration occurs through leaves. It is an integral part of the hydrological cycle and influences weather patterns. Factors Affecting Transpiration: We are all familiar with the process of transpiration that occurs through the stomata in leaves. Without water, plants would become flaccid and wilt.
Transpiration in Plants: Its Importance and Applications
Conclusion Transpiration in plants is a very vital process. So, when it is pulling water it is obvious that all the minerals dissolved in the water also get absorbed by the roots. Leaves with more stomata will lose more water vapour than those with fewer stomata. For transpiration to occur, water vapor leaving the stomata must diffuse through this motionless layer to reach the atmosphere where the water vapor will be removed by moving air. This type of transpiration sees the lowest amounts of water loss. If the atmosphere is filled with water vapors the transpiration rate decreases and vice versa.
It is due to the reason because wind removes humid air from around the leaf due to which a difference between the inner water vapour and outside is maintained. Light intensity stimulates the stomata, because an increase in light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis. However, at very low temperatures, the plants enter a state of dormancy and transpiration comes to a standstill. Wind increases the movement of water from the leaf surface when it reduces the boundary layer, because the path for water to reach the atmosphere is shorter. Consequently, rate of transpiration increases. Temperature as an environmental factor affecting transpiration also relates to water potential and relative humidity. As the temperature rises so does the transpiration.
Transpiration: Mechanism, Types, Factors affecting transpiration, Biological significance and Disadvantages
If the air is saturated with water vapor, the rate of transpiration decreases, and as the air becomes dry, the rate of transpiration increases. Enumerated below are the environmental factors affecting transpiration in plants. For this experiment, you'd need to weigh a leaf before and after it has been placed where humidity is controlled and left for a few hours. Much of the water uptake is used for photosynthesis, cell expansion, and growth, but a single tree that is 20 meters high can take up between 10 liters to 200 liters daily, depending on its species. It is because the leaf will first lose water to stationary layer and from there it would travel to the outside.
In general, plants from hot, dry climates have thicker cuticles than plants from cool, moist climates. Definition of Transpiration A plant does not use most of the water that it absorbs. About 98% of the water absorbed by the plants is evaporated from the aerial parts of the plants and is diffused into the atmosphere. Retrieved from von Caemmerer, S. However, strong wind may cause excessive loss of water from leaves leading to stomatal closure. Similarly, plants with thinner leaves will lose water more rapidly than those with thicker leaves. Now inside the leaves, from the upper epidermis, the water enters the palisade mesophyll cells from which it enters the spongy mesophyll cells.
Environmental Factors Affecting Transpiration in Crop Growth, Productivity
However, now transpiration applications are beginning to find a prominent place, especially in crop science and management. Leaf Area Surface area to volume ratio; the more surface area exposed to the air, the more water vapour will be lost through transpiration. They are also described as external factors, that is, outside of or external to plants. One reason plants transpire is that they need to cool down. Thus, for example, transplanting late in the afternoon and providing artificial shade to newly transplanted seedlings in the open sun are sound practices to improve plant survival. Through evaporative cooling, plant transpiration brings down the temperature of leaves, the largest plant organ.
Loss of water vapor at the leaves creates negative water pressure or potential at the leaf surface. Physiology of Woody Plants Third Edition. Stomata have special bean-shaped guard cells. Transpiration and water use efficiency are intricately connected with photosynthesis through stomata. The reason for the opening and closing of this structure is the turgidity of guard cells. It is an inevitable process and a necessary evil.
Transpiration in plants: types, mechanism, affecting factors and significance
Lenticular Transpiration: In stems of woody plants and trees, the epidermis is replaced by periderm because of secondary growth. Besides producing a heating effect, it lowers the relative humidity of the air and increases vapour pressure inside transpiring organ. Fig: Rate of Transpiration vs. Lower leaves show wilting earlier than the upper ones. Transpiration is the movement of water through a plant and the evaporation from aerial parts as opposed to terrestrial, e. Moreover, winds of high velocity bring about a reduction in temperature which undoubtedly affects transpiration.
When stomata are open, transpiration rates increase; when they are closed, transpiration rates decrease. Very low temperature also closes the stomata and hence decreases the rate of transpiration. Given its importance in plant health and the global water cycle, the lack of attention is surprising. Transpiration also is an integral part of the hydrological cycle and plays a role in global climate change. This is because the stomata remains open to allow the inward diffusion of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Winds of high however, retard transpiration, because the stomata close up due to high winds.
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