The Giger and Davidhizar model is a nursing model developed by Hildegard Peplau and Jean Watson. It is based on the belief that health is a holistic concept that encompasses not just the absence of disease, but also physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being. The model suggests that nursing should focus on supporting patients in achieving their maximum potential for health, rather than simply treating their illness or disease.
The Giger and Davidhizar model is composed of four key elements: assessment, nursing diagnosis, outcome identification, and planning. These elements work together to form a comprehensive approach to nursing care that is centered on the needs of the patient.
The first element, assessment, involves gathering information about the patient's physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. This includes taking a thorough health history, performing physical exams, and assessing the patient's social and spiritual support systems.
The second element, nursing diagnosis, involves using the information gathered during the assessment phase to identify any problems or issues that the patient may be experiencing. This may include physical symptoms, such as pain or fatigue, as well as emotional or social issues, such as stress or loneliness.
The third element, outcome identification, involves setting specific goals for the patient's care. These goals may be related to physical health, such as reducing pain or improving mobility, or to mental or social health, such as reducing stress or improving social support.
The fourth and final element, planning, involves developing a specific plan of care to help the patient achieve their identified goals. This may include prescribing medications, recommending lifestyle changes, or referring the patient to other healthcare professionals for further treatment.
Overall, the Giger and Davidhizar model is a patient-centered approach to nursing that focuses on helping patients achieve their maximum potential for health. By considering the physical, mental, social, and spiritual needs of the patient, nurses can provide more comprehensive and effective care.