Health research report. Research; R&D; Research and Development 2022-12-15
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As wide as is an adverb that describes the extent or degree to which something extends or expands. It is used to convey the idea that something is very broad or expansive, covering a large area or distance.
One common use of the phrase as wide as is to describe the width of something. For example, a person might say, "The river is as wide as a mile at this point," to convey that the river is very broad and covers a large distance. Similarly, someone might say, "The room was as wide as a football field," to convey that the room was very large and spacious.
As wide as can also be used to describe the scope or range of something. For example, someone might say, "The company's operations are as wide as the entire country," to convey that the company has a very large presence and does business in many different locations. Similarly, someone might say, "The impact of the disaster was as wide as the entire region," to convey that the disaster affected a large area and had far-reaching consequences.
In addition to its use in describing physical dimensions or scope, as wide as can also be used to describe the breadth or depth of something more abstract, such as knowledge or experience. For example, someone might say, "She has a knowledge base as wide as any expert in the field," to convey that the person has a very broad and deep understanding of a particular subject. Similarly, someone might say, "His experience in the industry is as wide as anyone's," to convey that the person has a very broad and diverse range of experience in a particular field.
Overall, the phrase as wide as is a useful way to describe the extent or degree to which something extends or expands, whether it be physical dimensions, scope, or more abstract qualities. It is a clear and concise way to convey the idea that something is very broad or expansive, covering a large area or distance.
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As a result, public health ethics is closely related to and partially overlaps with clinical ethics. Madness and civilization: A history of insanity in the age of reason. To give consent, one should have clear knowledge about the study process explained by study staff. Direct assistance to Ebola-affected countries by states that have resources and technologies is essential to stop the outbreak, but there is also a moral obligation for assisting countries to leave behind stronger systems to identify, stop, and prevent future threats Frieden et al. The concern will be both about harms and risks to individuals and to communities.
Persons falling in the rest of the curve have a non-pathological and thus healthy part. The term "health research," sometimes also called "medical research" or "clinical research," refers to research that is done to learn more about human health. While eugenic programs of the past were implemented, often forcefully, by state governments, this time the similar outcome may be resulting from successful marketing of certain medical technology. The quarantine should not be confused with isolation, which means a separation of ill persons with an infectious disease from other people. American Psychologist, 47 3 , 373—388.
At the end of 2013, 35 million people were living with AIDS, and 1. The SARS outbreak also led to the understanding that quarantine, isolation, and various social distancing measures are not outmoded. Ten Have et al. A study on menopause may require participants to be female. If this was known, there would be no need for any medical studies.
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Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 33 2 , 263—282. Sound research demands a clear consent process. At stake are important human rights such as freedom and opportunity to earn a living and to discharge family responsibilities. When most people 80—95 % accept a particular vaccination, even those who were not vaccinated are protected because the transmission of the infectious agent was successfully interrupted. Erin McDuffie and Dr. For example, vaccination might save people from critical diseases, but it causes problems for people having allergies or immunity disorders.
However, there are a number of ethical theories that could guide, illuminate, or justify public health activities. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 209—232. The WMA declaration is careful to distinguish when medical providers should treat a hunger striker as diseased in their interactions if the person has seriously impaired mental capacities versus when medical providers should not think of the hunger striker as diseased if the person is competently deciding to strike. The most devastating pandemic in the twentieth century emerged in 1918 when the highly virulent virus killed over 50 million people worldwide and public health services were overwhelmed. Well, health research begins with questions that have not been answered yet such as: "Does a certain drug improve health? Some will argue that careful examination of proposed public health activities allows imperfect but practically useful decisions if the project should be subject to standard ethics review or not.
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Hybrid theories try to overcome this problem by investigating whether the harm or social disvalue that normativists focus on is traceable to dysfunctional bodily mechanisms rather than dysfunctional moral or social situations. This research paper , since it is focused on concepts of disease and health in general rather than concepts of psychiatric disease, will take up this latter stream of research. This outbreak also brought to light a number of other ethical issues, such as the duty of health-care workers to provide care in an environment that is dangerous for them and creates a risk for their families Hsin and Macer 2004 , economic impact on communities and individuals by distancing measures, and collateral damage to patients with other illnesses because their care is compromised. Go ahead and read our article to the end! To answer this question, we need to understand what makes a set of behaviors or a set of biological functions count as a disease or disorder, terms that the present research paper uses interchangeably. Thanks to the advances in medical care and public health, we now live on average 10 years longer than in the 1960's and 20 years longer than in the 1930's.
Health and disease: Conceptual perspectives and ethical implications. The concept of disease and its implications for psychiatry. The attention SARS received may have been out of proportion to its impact. At this time only in some jurisdictions are public health research protocols assessed by research ethics committees. For this reason, health research can involve known and unknown risks.
However, boundaries between these sectors are often indistinct. Other countries missed target dates for enhancements of their public health infrastructures. If you need help writing your assignment, please use our research paper writing service and buy a paper on any topic at affordable price. Concluding, it is important to note a couple topics omitted given the scope of the present review. The former recommended the following core values to guide a response to the pandemic: individual liberty, protection of public from harm, proportionality, privacy, equity, duty to provide care, reciprocity, trust, solidarity, and stewardship.
Research Report 208 presents a study by Bert Brunekreef at the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands, and colleagues examining associations between exposures to relatively low levels of air pollution below the current EU standards and several health outcomes among participants in 22 European cohorts. Scholars working in public health however became aware of the discipline of bioethics, and, for example, already in 1978, John Last in his book Public Health and Human Ecology provided discussion of ethical issues grounded in bioethical principles. Public knowledge of the potential abuses of medical research arose after the severe misconduct of research in Germany during World War II. This generated some ethical controversy Celeda et al. Addressing this question, existing concepts of health and disease seem divided along two lines. Courts may consider behavior linked to a disease as meriting more lenient punishment. Public health ethics: Mapping the terrain.
BMC Medical Ethics, 7 12. . What are ways to prevent this disease? Public health ethics is closely related to health policy ethics because public health interventions are dependent on allocation of public resources and policies created by governments. Government research agencies must select which conditions should receive research funding. The concepts of health and illness revisited. From the end of the twentieth century to the present time, the interest in this domain much increased, and the young discipline of bioethics has broadened its agenda, striving to develop a subdiscipline of public health ethics.
