Introduction of impact of jet. Experiments on Impact of Jets 2022-12-26
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The impact of jet propulsion on society and industry has been significant and far-reaching. Prior to the development of jet engines, air travel was limited to relatively slow-moving propeller planes that were unable to reach high altitudes or achieve high speeds. With the advent of jet engines, however, air travel became much faster, more efficient, and more widely available.
One of the most significant impacts of jet propulsion has been on the field of transportation. Jet planes are able to travel at speeds of over 600 mph, allowing for much faster travel times between destinations. This has made it possible for people to travel great distances in a relatively short amount of time, opening up new opportunities for business and leisure travel.
In addition to the impact on transportation, jet propulsion has also had a significant impact on the military. Jet planes are much faster and more maneuverable than traditional propeller planes, making them ideal for use in warfare. They are also able to reach higher altitudes, giving them a strategic advantage in terms of surveillance and defensive capabilities.
Another significant impact of jet propulsion has been on the field of air cargo. Jet planes are able to transport large quantities of goods over long distances much faster than was previously possible, greatly improving the efficiency of global supply chains.
Overall, the introduction of jet propulsion has had a profound impact on society and industry. It has revolutionized the way we travel, both for leisure and for business, and has greatly improved the efficiency of global supply chains. Its impact will continue to be felt for many years to come.
Impact of Jet
The analogy to Newtons second law in fluid mechanics is known as the momentum equation. The flat target was placed screwed on the rod attached to the weight pan. To analyze fluid motion, a finite region of the fluid control volume is usually selected, and the gross effects of the flow, such as its force or torque on an object, is determined by calculating the net mass rate that flows into and out of the control volume. At the same time, technological improve- ments have enabled us to better use the specific fluid to decrease resistance; for example, better configuration of the dimples on a golf ball can improve its flight performance. The external forces include the component of weight of the fluid and the forces exerted externally upon the boundary surface of the control volume. This was considered as balance position.
Introduction Moving fluid, in natural or artificial systems, may exert forces on objects in contact with it. The level gauge was adjusted to a point at the white line on the side of the weight pan. The geometry of the hemispherical plate minimizes the obstruction of the plate so the water will flow more freely relative to that of the flat plate. It was also observed that the experimental force was at all instances higher than the theoretically required force. The height between the nozzle and the target of the spring tension should be a constant value - This value can fluctuate due to parallax errors and also inaccuracy of measuring instruments 2. REQUIREMENTS Materials: Impact of jet apparatus, Weights Stop Watch PROCEDURE First of all, note down the dimensions, such as width, breadth and height of a collecting tank as well as the diameter of the nozzle.
It may be noted that the Pelton wheel is best suited to conditions where the available head of water is great, and the flow rate is comparatively small. This error may occur because the water valvewas not completely close during collecting the water. Swinburne University of TechnologySchool of Engineering Sarawak Campus HES 2340 Fluid Mechanics 1Semester 2, 2008 Lab Sheet: IMPACT OF JET Name: Student ID: Group Number: Date performed experiment: Lab supervisor: 1 OBJECTIVE 1. This was considered as balance position. This error may occur because the water valve was not completely closed during collecting the water.
More mass was added and step 9 and 10 were repeated. Under the action of jet and the weights, an arrangement for the plate movement is prepared. Find the slopes of these lines. To understand correctly how a turbine a Pelton wheel for example works,students need to understand how jet deflection produces a force on turbinevanes. Measure the flow rate. Due to the impact of loads, the disc comes back to its original position. Do not overtighten the knurled nuts, as this will damage the top plate.
They then repeat the experiments for different test plates. From the data collected during the experiment, it is found that for different plates of vane used, the force exerted on the plate by the water will be different and it varies from the flat and hemispherical plate. So in order to obtain the correct value of slopes, the individual plotting of the graph has been plotted and the slope has been calculated. They can then compare this to the momentum flow rate in the jet. This experiment aims at assessing the different forces exerted by the same water jet on a variety of geometrical flat plate and hemispherical plate. Check that the drainpipe is over the hole leading to the weighing tank. The experimental results and the theoretically calculated values are similar within experimental error and proves the law of conservation of momentum.
In fluid mechanics, whenever fluid are forced to go through a restriction or change direction. This error may occur because the water valve was not completely close during collecting the water. The mass was recorded. These values of pressure will then be analysed and graphs and calculations will be produced, the lift being calculated using the trapezium method in excel and these values and graphs will then be compared to the theoretical results for an inviscid flow from the thin aerofoil theory. To experimentally determine the force required to keep a target at a datum level while it is subjected to the impact of a water jet.
Impact of Jet on a Plate or Vane: Notes and Viva Questions
Newtons second law of motion states that a mass that is accelerated required a force that is equal to the product of the mass and acceleration. The flow rate was measured using the volumetric tank. Introduction to Jet: A jet of water issuing from a nozzle has a velocity and hence it possesses a kinetic energy. If a vertical water jet moving with a velocity 'V' made to strike a target Vane which is free, to move in vertical direction, force will be exerted on the target by the impact of the jet. Unlike the impact of solid bodies, there is no rebound and unless the flow is highly turbulent, there will be no splashing. The top plate was removed. The water which hits the Vane could flow downwards and hit the jet again which will give a momentum in the opposite direction and hence give false values.
There are many types of forces exerted by fluids that resist an implement or body trying to move through it. Title Impact of a Jet Introduction Impact of a jet is an experiment which helps us to understand on the principles of a turbine working under fluid pressure. The shape of the vane and its position with respect to the jet are so designed that the jet should just glide over it, so that there will be no loss of energy due to shock. Students are expected to be able to come to a conclusion regarding the relationship between the reaction 1. Case 2- For the condition of maximum efficiency of propulsion,. Firemen make use of the kinetic energy stored in a jet to deliver water above the level in the nozzle to extinguish fires in tall buildings.
The forces exerted on the surface plane will also depend on the density of fluid at specific temperature. Nozzle Method Figure 3 Set up of the experiment 2 P a g e 3 P a g e Flat plate was installed in the apparatus The pointer was aligned to the no load position of the weigh tray Reference mass of 750g was added to the tray and the flow rate was adjusted until the position of the tray aligned with the pointer. Mohamad Fadzlin Adam Bin Md Fadzli 203233 4. A mass of 50 grams was placed on the weight pan, and the pump was turned on. Raw Data Table Test No. Consider velocity components in the direction of motion of the wheel as positive. Then repeat the experiments for differenttest plates.
This is supported by the data of the column, distance of jockey from zero position which is the mean of knowing the force needed to balance the force exerted by the water. To account for this a Momentum-Flux correlation factor Beta has to be used where pg 155, White The elasticity of spring acted on the weight platform is one of the main cause to the errors occurred in the experiment when weight is been added. Practical Application Engineers and designers use the momentum equation to accurately calculate the force that moving fluid may exert on a solid body. A drain tube was connected to the base of the cylinder to direct water back to the hydraulic bench. The Impact of a Jet experiment shows students the force produced by a jet of water as it strikes a flat plate or hemispherical cup.
