Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist who made significant contributions to the field of psychology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Born in 1863 in Hartford, Connecticut, Calkins received her undergraduate degree from Smith College in 1885. After completing her studies, she pursued graduate work in psychology at Harvard University, where she earned her Ph.D. in 1891.
Calkins' research focused on the areas of memory, perception, and consciousness. She is perhaps best known for her work on the nature of memory, in which she proposed a theory of "associative memory" that emphasized the role of connections between different memories in shaping our ability to recall them. Calkins also conducted research on the nature of perception, exploring how we process and interpret sensory information.
In addition to her research, Calkins was an accomplished teacher and mentor. She served as the first president of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Division of Experimental Psychology, and was a founding member of the APA's Committee on Women in Psychology.
Despite her numerous contributions to the field of psychology, Calkins faced significant barriers to her professional advancement due to her gender. Despite being awarded her Ph.D. from Harvard, she was not granted a degree from the university because of her gender. Despite this, she went on to have a successful career, serving as the first female president of the APA in 1905.
Calkins' contributions to psychology have had a lasting impact on the field, and she is recognized as a pioneer in the field of psychology. Her work on memory and perception continues to be widely studied and cited, and her efforts to promote the participation of women in psychology helped pave the way for future generations of female psychologists.
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863
This feature of self psychology aligned it with other popular systems of psychology, such as functionalism and behaviorism. At the turn of the twentieth century, Calkins began to espouse her own system of psychology: self psychology. Experimental subjects therefore could more consistently re-call a number when they associated it with a corresponding color than in situations when numbers appeared by themselves and paired-associated learning was lacking. Mary Calkins, psikoloji ve felsefenin farklı bakış açılarıyla birçok çalışmaya imza atmıştır. With the laboratory to work in, she also taught a course in "Psychology approached from the physiological standpoint" as quoted in Furumoto, 1980, p. Professional Life Calkins was born in Hartford, Connecticut on March 30, 1863. Dream Research While working under Edmund C.
Mary Whiton Calkins
Mary Whiton Calkins 1863-1930. Once again, she was permitted to study at the university, but not to enrol as a student. Psychological Review, 28, 1-28. She also found herself studying in the psychological laboratory of Harvard under Hugo Munsterberg investigating the factors influencing memory Hilgard, 1987. A person emerge into the world as a blank slate that unconsciously and continuously devouring and weaving in stories told in voices that evokes correlation identification with an image created by a mother, father, brothers, sister, aunt, uncle, cousins, grandma, grandpa, and even nicknamed strangers into their root and skin. The oldest of five children, Mary was extremely close to her New England Puritan family, especially to her mother.
Mary Whiton Calkins: 1905 APA President
Calkins expressed her principal ideas in her books The Persistent Problems in Philosophy in 1907 and The Good Man and The Good in 1918. Dream researchers in the neurosciences praised her efforts. According to Hans Eysenck, a psychologist, he believed that personality develops from the inherited genes that are from our parents. The research involved recording each night, immediately after waking from a dream, every remembered feature of it. These mental realities were ultimately personal, as consciousness never occurred impersonally Hilgard, 1987. Achievements and Contributions Psychological Laboratory The psychological laboratory at Wellesley College was a milestone in that there were only twelve others in North America when it opened in September 1891.
