Nancy Roper was a British nurse who developed the "Activities of Daily Living" (ADL) model in the 1970s. This model is used to assess the ability of an individual to perform basic self-care tasks, such as bathing, dressing, and toileting. The ADL model is widely used in healthcare settings to evaluate the functional status of patients and to determine the level of support and care they may need.
Roper's ADL model is based on the premise that individuals have a natural hierarchy of needs, and that self-care is an essential aspect of human functioning. According to Roper, the ability to perform ADLs is essential for maintaining independence and autonomy, and is an important predictor of overall health and well-being.
The ADL model consists of four categories of tasks: basic ADLs, instrumental ADLs, mobility, and communication. Basic ADLs include tasks such as bathing, dressing, and toileting. Instrumental ADLs include tasks such as shopping, housekeeping, and managing medications. Mobility includes the ability to move around one's environment, and communication includes the ability to understand and express oneself.
Roper's ADL model has been widely adopted in healthcare settings as a tool for assessing patient needs and developing care plans. It is often used in conjunction with other assessment tools, such as the Barthel Index, which measures functional ability in more detail.
Roper's ADL model has also been influential in the development of geriatric nursing and rehabilitation practices. It is widely recognized as a valuable tool for identifying the support and care needs of older adults, and for developing interventions to improve their functional status and quality of life.
Overall, Nancy Roper's ADL model has had a significant impact on the field of nursing and healthcare, and remains a widely used tool for assessing and supporting the functional abilities of patients.