Occupational segregation uk. Close the Gap 2023-01-03

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Occupational segregation refers to the unequal distribution of certain groups of people across different occupations or industries. In the United Kingdom (UK), there has been a longstanding issue of occupational segregation, particularly along gender lines. Women have historically been concentrated in certain occupations, while men have been overrepresented in others. This segregation has had significant implications for women's career advancement and pay, as well as the overall gender balance in the labor market.

One key factor contributing to occupational segregation in the UK is the gender pay gap, which refers to the difference in median hourly earnings between men and women. In 2020, the gender pay gap in the UK was 16.9%, meaning that on average, women earned 83.1 pence for every pound earned by men. This pay gap is largely due to the concentration of women in lower-paying occupations, such as administrative and secretarial roles, and the overrepresentation of men in higher-paying occupations, such as engineering and management.

Occupational segregation also persists along racial and ethnic lines in the UK. Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) workers are often underrepresented in certain sectors, such as finance and technology, and overrepresented in others, such as retail and service industries. This segregation can lead to BAME workers facing barriers to career advancement and lower pay.

There have been efforts to address occupational segregation in the UK, including initiatives to promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace and efforts to provide education and training opportunities for underrepresented groups. However, significant challenges remain in combating segregation and promoting equal opportunities in the labor market.

One potential solution to addressing occupational segregation is to implement policies that aim to promote diversity and inclusion in the workplace. This can include targeted recruitment and training programs for underrepresented groups, as well as policies that aim to address the pay gap and ensure equal pay for equal work.

Another approach is to provide education and training opportunities for those in underrepresented groups, such as through apprenticeships and vocational training programs. These initiatives can help to build the skills and knowledge needed to enter certain industries and occupations, and can also help to increase the overall diversity of the workforce.

In conclusion, occupational segregation is a persistent issue in the UK, particularly along gender and racial lines. While efforts have been made to address this segregation and promote equal opportunities in the labor market, significant challenges remain. By implementing policies that promote diversity and inclusion, and providing education and training opportunities for underrepresented groups, the UK can work towards a more equitable and diverse labor market.

Be what you want

occupational segregation uk

Human capital explanations posit that men tend to rise to higher positions than women because of a disparity in work experience between the genders. School boards, for example, will have to appoint more women to department head positions and other positions of authority in order to retain women workers, whereas those jobs might previously have gone to men. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. Kirton and Greene 2001 p46 appear to agree, women have to make a choice, they place women at a disadvantage in the workplace due to less experience, lack of training and education compared to male counterparts. Therefore gender changes and opinions within society have been demonstrated resulting in the counter argument for the gender nurturing social arguments demonstrated earlier. Therefore the reality does not translate to total equality as power would be cascaded back up the chain towards the men.

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Occupational Gender Segregation In British Labour Market Sociology Essay

occupational segregation uk

Labour Market Statistics 2010 highlights that 42. This results in a decrease in wage price for the labor markets. There became an understanding that a reserve army of labour could be called on when required by policy makers and employers alike to achieve common goals, exploiting women into the workplace when it suited those in control. The gap between men and women's tenure rises with age, and female college graduates are more likely than males to interrupt their careers to raise children. In contrast it could be the divide is not diminishing, and in fact current occupational segregation retains a level of inequality between the genders with regards pay, status and increasing insecurity.

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Occupational segregation in the UK (1992 edition)

occupational segregation uk

The statistical data collected from the surveys can powerfully demonstrate the idea of occupational segregation. Employment relationships have undoubtly changed over recent years along with social belief systems and the relationship between the two is intensely fused. This article is based on the paper Journal of Vocational Behavior. Once the stereotype incongruence is identified, one can highlight different aspects warmth or competence of the profession to appeal to more diverse demographic groups. Low education accounts for a large percentage of why Native Americans and black people are more segregated in the workplace. If the overall market becomes less segregated, those who make personnel decisions in traditionally female-dominated occupations will have to make jobs, even higher status jobs, more attractive to women to retain them. This view is supported by evidences that have shown that only 10% of first-time mothers remain in full-time work where 90% of mothers mix periods of full-time and part-time work or leave the labour market permanently McRae, 2003, p.


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Occupational segregation

occupational segregation uk

Those who are highly skilled cannot contribute to the "constantly changing labor economy", resulting in a decrease in efficiency and diverse thinking. From my perspective, I attribute occupational discrimination into four underlying reasons that can be categorized as external ones and internal ones, firstly, the gender stereotype and the biological differences. This basic prescription may be applied in many ways by HR professionals. They have offered different and sometimes contrasting arguments. In contrast Rose 2004 establishes that although the majority of organizations have been traditionally dominated by men, there are a percentage of female senior managers pulling through to powerful positions and this appears to be increasing.

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History of Occupational Segregation

occupational segregation uk

However in contrast to the insecurity being suggested this theory would imply when Britain went through a recession in the 20 th Century the part time and flexible lower paid workforce would have been the first to suffer, yet this was not the case. The essay will examined the neo-classical economic theories of human capital and rational choice. Major determines occupation to a great extent. This study showed that seemingly innocuous stereotypes people have about occupations, known as 'occupational stereotypes', contribute to the segregation of disadvantaged groups into certain types of occupations. The gendered nature of social life leads women to have networks with smaller geographical reach than men. Children and young people are also influenced by the adults in their lives, and what those adults do in the home and as a job forms another aspect of the messaging which tells children and young people about women and men's roles. Asian people, commonly stereotyped as higher on competence, were segregated into occupations that were similarly seen as having high competence.

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Close the Gap

occupational segregation uk

Purcell 2000 explains that from the 1980s changes have been seen within British society, until the 1980s women were active in the workplace until the birth of their first child, when they would remain inactive until school age or another child was born and the cycle would repeat. In a given occupation, the number of a certain demographic in that occupation should be divided by the total number of the same demographic in all of the occupations. Considering the human capital theory these changes should enable women to enter occupations. For those that do not achieve a level of seniority occupations tend to be limited to clerical or secretarial roles and are primarily held as part time Rose, E 2004 p557. However, the awareness of women being physically capable was a reality for society to develop and accept it was social and cultural beliefs that stopped women from working. In accordance with economic theories, lower level of income achieved by women is fair as their level of human capital is much lower than that of the male workers. Instead of holding a conservative attitude toward occupations, we should be more flexible at facing the professional path, thus opening a wider spectrum of career opportunities.

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Fast Facts: Occupational Segregation

occupational segregation uk

These differing strategies are influenced by power relations in the household, the gendered nature of social life, and women's domestic responsibilities. Data from Equitable Growth states the wage gap between black women and white men is "often interpreted by economists as the closest approximation of real discrimination". It may be the changing social climates of the late 20 th and early 21 st Centuries have led to this change in female presence. Given that not all women will want to start a family these restrictions will not apply to all, however the statistics seem to indicate these are the minority of women or in exceptional cases women will have both and make sacrifices within the family to return to work with the aid of a non work support network of family and friends or childcare. By understanding the diversity within the workforce there will derive an understanding of how to motive the team and therefore produce exceptional results which of course is the aim of all good Chief Executives.

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occupational segregation

occupational segregation uk

Occupational Segregation In the business world, gender discrimination undoubtedly is a hot topic as well as a tough problem. Von Lockette found that in metropolitan areas with a high concentration of occupational segregation, less-educated black, Latino, and white males received less pay. Companies can make use of this strategy at all stages of recruitment, selection, and performance management. However, the General Social Survey found that men were only slightly less likely than women to value short hours, and that preferences for particular job characteristics depended mostly on age, education, race, and other characteristics rather than on gender. Toys and play are also organised along rigid gender lines, with 'boys' toys' representing a wide range of active and exciting options including diggers, action heroes and construction sets; while girls' options remain focused around caring roles and 'beauty'. To fully understand the reason for women disadvantage in the employment relationship, there is a need to bring neo-classical, patriarchy and preference theories together. Alternatively, there is also vertical segregation, where the opportunity for career progression is tapered to a particular gender.

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The Impact of Occupational Segregation on Working Conditions

occupational segregation uk

Firstly this essay will look at some statistics surrounding women in the employment. Berkeley Journal of Sociology. For example, when it comes to the IT industries, women often lack oconfidence and courage to have a try. Although the EOC statistics show a high percentage of female workers in part time employment it remains that over half the employed women surveyed were working in full time roles. Lack of flexible working Women also experience discrimination and disadvantage because they are more likely to have caring responsibilities for children, sick relatives, disabled people, or older people. Annual Review of Anthropology.

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