Psychological model of abnormal behavior. 12.1 Psychological Disorder: What Makes a Behavior “Abnormal”? 2022-12-13
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The psychological model of abnormal behavior suggests that abnormal behavior is caused by psychological factors, such as cognitions, emotions, and personality traits. According to this model, people who engage in abnormal behavior have underlying psychological issues that contribute to their behavior. These psychological issues can be the result of past experiences, genetic predispositions, or a combination of both.
One of the key ideas in the psychological model of abnormal behavior is that thoughts and beliefs play a significant role in shaping behavior. People who engage in abnormal behavior often have distorted or irrational thoughts and beliefs about themselves, others, and the world around them. These thoughts and beliefs can lead to negative emotions, such as anxiety, depression, and anger, which in turn can lead to abnormal behavior.
Another important concept in the psychological model of abnormal behavior is the role of personality traits. People who engage in abnormal behavior often have certain personality traits, such as low self-esteem, high levels of neuroticism, or a lack of social skills, that contribute to their behavior. These personality traits can be the result of genetic predispositions or environmental influences, and they can make it more likely that a person will engage in abnormal behavior.
One of the main advantages of the psychological model of abnormal behavior is that it offers a way to understand the underlying causes of abnormal behavior and to develop interventions that address these underlying issues. For example, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that is based on the idea that thoughts and beliefs play a significant role in shaping behavior. CBT helps people identify and change their distorted thoughts and beliefs, which can lead to improvements in their behavior.
Another advantage of the psychological model of abnormal behavior is that it recognizes the complexity of human behavior and the many factors that can contribute to it. Rather than seeing abnormal behavior as a simple problem with a simple solution, the psychological model recognizes that there are many different factors that can contribute to abnormal behavior and that a person's behavior is the result of the interaction of these factors.
In conclusion, the psychological model of abnormal behavior suggests that abnormal behavior is caused by psychological factors, such as cognitions, emotions, and personality traits. This model offers a way to understand the underlying causes of abnormal behavior and to develop interventions that address these underlying issues. It recognizes the complexity of human behavior and the many factors that can contribute to it, and it offers a more nuanced understanding of abnormal behavior than other models.
Models of Abnormal Psychology
But the behavioral model is different. Sigmund Freud 1856—1939 is probably the most controversial and misunderstood psychological theorist. Evaluation of the Model The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. Stigma and mental illness: A review and critique. Here, psychologists relate the problems in the neurons to the cause of abnormal behavior. Violation of social norms alone is not sufficient to diagnose abnormal behavior. Behaviorists examine behavioral patterns, influences, rewards, and punishments.
Instead of seeing them only as a reflection of unconscious desires, linguists today have found that slips of the tongue tend to occur when we are tired, nervous, or not at our optimal level of cognitive functioning Motley, 2002. There is some overlap between psychotic disorders and other kinds of mental illnesses. Frank seems to be afraid of a lot of things. Causes of Abnormal Behavior There are many things that can cause abnormal behavior. Hence, we advocate for a multi-dimensional and not a uni-dimensional model.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be particularly helpful at altering abnormal behaviors in patients with anxiety, mood disorders, eating disorders, and more. Keep in mind while completing this Discussion tha Psychologists have used a variety of theoretical perspectives to investigate lay representations of illness. Levels of Consciousness To explain the concept of conscious versus unconscious experience, Freud compared the mind to an iceberg Figure 1. The endocrine system moves slowly with hormones, released by endocrine glands, taking seconds, or even minutes, to reach their target. Also, long-term hospitalizations are less likely to occur as a result, though the medications do not benefit the individual in terms of improved living skills. In contrast to a vast number of cognitive-behavioral clinicians, many cognitive doctors concentrate solely on their clients' interpretations, attitudes, assumptions, and other cognitive processes. He's never been bitten by a rat, but he freezes in fear whenever he sees one.
Freud suggested that we can understand this by imagining three interacting systems within our minds. The therapist would help the person to see the importance of their own culture while also discussing the impact of the dominant culture the person is surrounded with Comer, R. Still, we must remember that the model is a starting point for the researcher, and due to this, it determines what causes might be investigated at the exclusion of other causes. On later trials, the rat was presented NS and followed closely by a loud sound UCS; Panel B. Outside of phobias, desensitization has been shown to be effective in the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptoms Hakimian and Souza, 2016 and limitedly with the treatment of depression when co-morbid with OCD Masoumeh and Lancy, 2016. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.
Abnormal Psychology, Chapter 2: Models of Abnormal Behavior Flashcards
This model incorporates how the cognitive mind and behaviors intertwine. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. Neurotransmitters are responsible for transmitting messages in the brain. Ancient Hindu tradition attributed psychological disorder to sorcery and witchcraft. Dissociative Disorders Dissociative disorders are complex disorders where people's sense of reality may become severely warped.
First of all, people have to agree on what's normal. Can you please give me examples, and references? The sympathetic nervous system is involved when a person is intensely aroused. Several different models of abnormality put forth unique theories as to the origins of dysfunctional behavior, including the biological, sociocultural, psychodynamic, and cognitive models. We then discussed biological, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality. . But when Watson exposed the boy to the rats, he also made a loud, scary noise. During CBT a therapist will actively work with a person to uncover unhealthy patterns of thought and how they may be causing self-destructive behaviors and beliefs.
12.1 Psychological Disorder: What Makes a Behavior “Abnormal”?
A detailed answer and where the information was provided need to be listed. Although for many years autism was thought to be primarily a socially determined disorder, in which parents who were cold, distant, and rejecting created the problem, current research suggests that biological factors are most important. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 401—430. Some of the major categories are shown in Table 12. Electrotherapy can cause unnecessary stress and surgery and can dull the personality, as the part of the brain responsible for emotion is often altered or even completely removed. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1263—1272.
It is a straightforward approach, but it is a crucial one. Cindy is sitting in class while the professor gives a lecture. Counterconditioning is a learning procedure in which an individual absorbs a new response to a stimulus that formerly generated an undesirable behavior. The psychodynamic perspective was first bought into light by Sigmund Freud. We describe these as primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers.
The four main models to explain psychological abnormality: [Essay Example], 573 words GradesFixer
Pavlov realized some stimuli automatically elicited responses such as salivating to meat powder and other stimuli had to be paired with these automatic associations for the animal or person to respond to it such as salivating to a bell. Understanding the causes of behaviors and seeing if they are maladaptive in nature can help determine whether a behavior is abnormal. Organizations such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness NAMI; n. Eventually, she even gets up and starts to dance to music only she can hear. Brain Structure and Chemistry 2.
Further, they operate in various ways that may distort reality. Some people may develop unsettling and false presumptions and attitudes. It has several structures in common with all cells in the body. Work integration of people with severe mental disorder: A pending question. We make a behavior and if the aversive event, like the headache, goes away, we will repeat the taking of Tylenol in the future. Watson and Rayner 1920 conducted one of the most famous studies in psychology. In fact, some behaviorists have dismissed Sigmund Freud's ideas since they overly rely on the interpretation of human behavior.
