Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are two important economic measures that are used to gauge the size and strength of an economy. While they are similar in many ways, there are some key differences between the two that are important to understand.
At its most basic, GDP is a measure of the total value of all goods and services produced within a particular country's borders over a given period of time, usually a year. It is used to measure the economic output of a country and is considered a key indicator of its overall economic health. GDP is calculated by adding up the value of all goods and services produced in the country, including those produced by foreign-owned companies operating within the country's borders.
GNP, on the other hand, is a measure of the total value of all goods and services produced by a particular country's residents, regardless of where they are located. This includes both domestic and foreign-owned companies operating within the country's borders, as well as companies owned by the country's residents that operate abroad.
One of the key differences between GDP and GNP is that GDP measures the economic output of a particular country, while GNP measures the economic output of a particular country's residents. This means that GDP takes into account the economic contributions of all firms operating within a particular country's borders, regardless of whether they are owned by residents of that country or not. GNP, on the other hand, only takes into account the economic contributions of firms owned by the country's residents.
Another key difference between GDP and GNP is that GDP is a measure of a country's domestic economic activity, while GNP is a measure of a country's global economic activity. GDP only takes into account the economic activity within a particular country's borders, while GNP takes into account the economic activity of a country's residents regardless of where they are located.
In practice, GDP and GNP are often used together to provide a more complete picture of a country's economic performance. GDP is typically used as a measure of a country's economic output and strength, while GNP is used as a measure of a country's standard of living and overall economic well-being.
Overall, the main difference between GDP and GNP is that GDP measures the economic output of a particular country, while GNP measures the economic output of a particular country's residents. Both measures are important for understanding the size and strength of an economy, and are used by governments, businesses, and economists around the world to make informed decisions about economic policy and investment.
Richard Serra’s Carnegie, an unpublished interview
The Legacy of Richard Serra Serra is widely considered one of the most influential sculptors of the late-20 th century. A modern Renaissance man with a forceful personality, Serra's interest in painting, sculpture, music, dance, film, performance, and installation art has affected legions of artists during his long career. The Land Art movement also endeavored to break free of the elite, restrictive traditions of the art institution. RS: When I first started working with the prop pieces in the late 60s, you looked at the piece and couldn't enter into it. Yonkers, New York: The Hudson River Museum, 1980. Some things are conditions of balance. Cut into three parts, Tilted Arc — or, rather, what remains of it — is stored in a warehouse.
Richard Serra's Rise From Pariah to Worshipped Sculptor
Retrieved November 16, 2021. That same year Serra begin to make larger-scale prints such as Malcolm X; Goslar, or The Moral Majority Sucks. All those opposed Opponents of Tilted Arc felt that the public had not been adequately consulted. Following his break into space with sculptures like Strike: To Roberta and Rudy 1969—71 , Serra became interested in redefining architectural space with drawing as well. Morgan, Alfred Pacquement, Brenda Richardson, and Harald Szeemann. Architects and urban planners today often cite Serra's influence, which the artist scorns in keeping with his belief that true art is never utilitarian.
They tilted either left or right, leaned either toward or away from another, and the viewer as they strolled around them. It really asks you about the definition of what it means to be standing vertically or looking up and out. His work has inspired the founding of a public art program at the University of California in his hometown of San Francisco , and Serra has himself supported the development of sculpture parks across the United States. Retrieved November 16, 2021. Minimalist artists considered their audience as moving beings with changing perspectives, not static viewers.
Retrieved November 16, 2021. Reprinted in Richard Serra: Rolled and Forged, pp. Chronology: Richard Serra: Sculpture. The government shouldn't be asking people about esthetics. Richard Serra: Sculpture 1985-1998. If you're going to deny the potential for what you are calling confrontation, works will never be built. Or that when you walk in the piece, that it's going to turn upside down on you.
The significance of creating a sculpture with such phenomenological potency is due to its ability to help viewers get back in touch with their senses. It is hardly a wonder, therefore, that Tilted Arc aroused such antipathy in an era unaccustomed to such bold displays of artistic, site-specific intervention. Javits Federal Building in The controversy caused by the sculpture Built to stand at 3. That's a very definite notion about weightlessness in the air, a very definite notion about balance. .
What made Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc sculpture so controversial?
Call it a glimpse; often this glimpse occurs because of an obscurity which arises from a precise resolution. Indeed, deep beneath Lower Manhattan's own geographies there are industrial walls brutally inserted into the found landscape, so as to reclaim entire portions of the Hudson River for human expansion. If you think about it, Calder does it one way, Giacometti does it another way, David Smith does it another way. And that is almost like a preamble to what the museum has to offer. Horst, Mainbocher Corset, Paris Lotte Jacobi, Head of a Dancer Gertrud Arndt, Self-Portrait with Veil Bauhaus Browse this content The Bauhaus, an Introduction The Bauhaus and Bau The Bauhaus: Marcel Breuer The Bauhaus: Marianne Brandt Lyonel Feininger, Cathedral for Program of the State Bauhaus in Weimar Paul Klee, Twittering Machine Die Zwitscher-Maschine László Moholy-Nagy Telephone Pictures Photogram Composition A.
Retrieved October 27, 2022. Tilted Arc shares materials and production methods similar to those used in the construction of the buildings that encompass the sculpture. Richard Serra in Bilbao in English and German. Escher 1898-1972 , where it is impossible to ascertain beginning or ending, origin or destination, or to be cosmic about it genesis or death. I'm very interested in balance; I'm very interested in gravity as a form maker for my pieces. Serra's work is at once a painting, a sculpture, a piece of architecture, and an epic fragment of modern industry. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
Retrieved October 27, 2022. After walking the museum grounds, Serra chose a ravine that runs towards the Kattegat Sea as the site for his sculpture. This, along with ruthless capitalism, urban industrialization, and the recent economic recession led many individuals to experience a great sense of anonymity and alienation within the chaotic environment of New York City. Was it the 180 concerned art critics and bureaucrats that attended the forum? In Richard Serra: Torqued Ellipses, pp. It gives you a chance, through simple observation, to understand the nature of the construction. This is something that is often overlooked or completely forgotten in an atmosphere dominated by high-rise office buildings and lacking in greenery, much like the space surrounding the Federal Plaza. Here Serra embedded two semi-circular steel flanges, forming a ring 26 feet in diameter, into the surface of 183rd Street in the Throughout the 1970s Serra continued to make outdoor site-specific sculpture for urban areas and landscapes Serra's was interested in the topology of landscape and how one relates to it through movement, space, and time.
Martha Schwartz, benches and plantings in Federal Plaza, installed 1997 photo: Not long after the removal of Tilted Arc, the GSA contacted landscape architect Martha Schwartz to re-imagine the plaza. After note: Being involved with Carnegie in its various stages was a heady experience for a young museum curator as was meeting Richard Serra. The sculpture was finally removed on 15 March 1989. A few benches and planters with trees were installed. Retrieved November 19, 2021. Düsseldorf: Richter Verlag, 1992. Successful peers Robert Smithson and Gordon Matta-Clark died young, and many others simply faded away.
It always struck me as a little kid that if you walked along the beach to a jetty, it took a certain amount of time and you turned around and walked back. Retrieved November 16, 2021. Tilted Spheres in Serra's subsequent site-specific works in landscape continued to explore the topography of the land and how the sculpture relates to this topography by way of movement, meditation, and perception of the viewer. Serra is celebrated on a global scale for his free-standing installations that often function to dwarf the spectator under their immense scale and material weight. He also flatly denied that the interfered with social use of the plaza. With some of the pieces, you can look at the model and have a greater idea of what you are going to confront full scale than with this model. John's Rotary Arc 1980 were each placed in areas where traffic and people converged.
