The social cognitive theory of gender development is a psychological theory that explains how individuals learn and develop their gender identities and roles. According to this theory, gender development is influenced by a combination of social, cognitive, and biological factors.
According to the social cognitive theory, children learn about gender roles and expectations through their interactions with others, particularly their parents and peers. Children observe and imitate the behaviors of those around them, and they also receive verbal and nonverbal messages about gender from these individuals. For example, a child may be told that it is not appropriate for boys to play with dolls or that girls should not play sports. These messages can influence the child's understanding of what it means to be male or female and can shape their gender-related behaviors and attitudes.
Cognitive factors also play a role in gender development. Children's cognitive abilities, such as their ability to categorize objects and people based on gender, influence their understanding of gender roles. Children may also have preconceived notions about gender based on their prior knowledge and experiences, which can shape their understanding of gender roles and expectations.
Biological factors, such as genetics and hormones, can also influence gender development. For example, research has shown that levels of hormones such as testosterone and estrogen can affect an individual's behavior and cognition. However, it is important to note that these biological factors do not determine an individual's gender identity or behavior.
One important aspect of the social cognitive theory of gender development is that it recognizes the influence of culture and societal norms on gender roles. Different cultures and societies have different expectations and norms for males and females, and these expectations can shape individuals' gender identities and behaviors.
In summary, the social cognitive theory of gender development explains that gender development is influenced by a combination of social, cognitive, and biological factors. This theory recognizes the importance of both individual and societal influences on gender development and helps to explain why individuals may have different gender identities and behaviors.