A topic sentence is a sentence that introduces the main idea or topic of a paragraph. It is typically the first sentence of the paragraph and serves to give the reader an overview of what the paragraph will be about. The topic sentence should be specific and focus on a single idea, rather than trying to cover multiple ideas at once.
A concluding sentence, on the other hand, is a sentence that marks the end of a paragraph and summarizes the main points that have been made. It is the last sentence of the paragraph and serves to reinforce the main idea of the paragraph and provide a sense of closure.
The importance of both topic sentences and concluding sentences lies in their ability to help organize and structure an essay. They provide clear signposts for the reader, making it easier to follow the overall argument and structure of the essay.
In addition to helping with organization, topic sentences and concluding sentences also play a crucial role in the cohesiveness of an essay. They help to connect different paragraphs and ideas, allowing the essay to flow smoothly and logically from one point to the next.
Overall, topic sentences and concluding sentences are essential components of any well-written essay. They help to introduce and summarize the main points of a paragraph, and contribute to the overall cohesiveness and organization of the essay.
Maps of the Railroads
The town council and the mayor resigned after three weeks saying the town was so wild, it was virtually ungovernable. Carol Bowers, Historian: As the animals had difficulty they might have to lighten their loads. I think just of accumulated grieves over the whole scandal. He'd show them where the bridges and tunnels would go, the curves, the grades, the water tanks and depots. Although trains had to reduce their speed considerably to cross a long wooden bridge or trestle, the important thing was to get the trains moving to collect revenue that would pay for new and improved bridges.
Conservationists established more wildlife preserves, and the species slowly rebounded. The second type consisted of large walls made of masonry. October 26: The Central Pacific spikes its first rails to ties. The news revitalizes the California mining economy, and urges exploration of a road east across the Sierra Nevada. April 9: Robert E. It was done in the name of speed not quality or integrity but it was built nonetheless. Crossing Dale Creek in Wyoming.
The Transcontinental Railroad: Map, facts and history for kids ***
On November 8, 1869, the Central Pacific finally completed the rail connection to its western terminus at The original route from the Very early on, the Central Pacific learned that it would have trouble maintaining an open track in winter across the Both railroads soon instituted extensive upgrade projects to build better bridges, viaducts and dugways as well as install heavier duty rails, stronger ties, better road beds etc. After LINDA HALL LIBRARY RESOURCES. These states show the rapid growth in topographical information from government exploration and mapping. Casement spent the winter in Omaha overseeing construction of boxcars specially outfitted to serve as dormitories-on-wheels for his track-laying crews, waiting for the spring thaw so supplies and iron could be shipped up the Missouri River to UP warehouses, and trying mightily to hold to the temperance pledge he'd given his wife, who remained home in Ohio. .
Nearly 2 million acres of land had been taken under the plow by immigrants coming west on the railroad. It was combined with numerous Acts that allowed settlers free access to the land wit the condition that the land be settled and worked for a specific number of years. Northern states wanted a more central line with an eastern starting point of St. Narrator: Speed was never easy for the Central Pacific. Donald Fixico, Historian: The white intruders were changing the land. It is mighty lonesome here and I am impatient to get to work. Narrator: As winter brought work to a halt in 1866, many railroad workers settled into the lascivious comforts of the newest end of track town: North Platte, Nebraska.
How Chinese Immigrants Helped Build the Transcontinental Railroad:
The bonds would be paid back by the sale of government-granted land, as well as prospective passenger and freight income. It cut through the Great Plains, through land belonging to the Lakota, Cheyenne, Pawnee, Arapahoe and other Indigenous groups. His body will be carried back to Illinois by rail, on a special Pullman car. In effect, Durant was paying himself for building the railroad. In a remarkable feat of strength and organization, his Central Pacific crews lay an unheard-of 10 miles of rail between sunrise and sunset.
One type, the snow sheds, consisted of wooden galleries with roofs that followed the slope of the mountain. In remote stretches of the Sierras, deserts, or the Great Plains, railroad crews were responsible for grading land, digging ditches, hauling dirt and building structures by hand. . Narrator: From its inception, all that slowed the Union Pacific was bad management and politics. Phil Roberts, Historian: These were bigger than life kinds of adventures that were going on out West. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
They saw it as a country, just a country for anybody. You got your two or so dollars a day and your inadequate meals such as they were. It is the first non-Mormon settlement in the Territory; it will prove to be the last true Hell on Wheels town. Wendell Huffman, Historian: The Central Pacific is building a foot a day through these tunnels -- and it's just agonizing for them. Durant throws a grand "100th Meridian Excursion" for dignified guests, featuring a mock Pawnee ambush.
And they basically tell Judah either you buy us out or we'll buy you out. And this was kind of a pay-off to Iowa. In 1866 they put in a 125-foot 38m vertical shaft in the center of the summit tunnel and started work towards the east and west tunnel faces, giving four working faces on the summit tunnel to speed up progress. Narrator: Though many of the Plains Indians remained on friendly terms with the Anglo-American travelers, the more militant tribes treated them as they would any other rival: they robbed and looted wagon trains, raided settlements and ranches, stole horses, mules, and cattle. The gold rush had been over.
New heroes of business and industry -- such as hardware dealer Collis P. The latter route was about twice as expensive per pound. The Tom Thumb carries passengers and goods along 13 miles of track between Baltimore and Ellicott's Mills, Maryland. Fred Gamst, Anthropologist: Lincoln had a problem. You come up the American River, you go down the Truckee River. He will die just months later.
Narrator: The flat Nebraska prairie presented little difficulty for UP crews. Narrator: For many Plains Indian tribes, the buffalo was the center of the natural world; following the path of this animal, they learned to respect the potency of nature: in its power to give, and to take away. The next decade showed rapid growth in the number of stations and towns along the railroad as well as the completion of other lines to the north and the south of the main route. Crocker takes a hard line and strikers return to work within a week Transcontinental Railroad Fact 17: Apr 8, 1869: Location of meeting of the railways agreed by Grenville Dodge and Collis Huntington at Promontory Summit, Utah Transcontinental Railroad Fact 18: May 10, 1869: Golden Spike ceremony at Promontory Point, Utah. Where did the Transcontinental Railroad meet? But the stakes were not merely personal. July 10: With Durant's activities facing increased scrutiny in D. Hall, Mill Valley, CA The Museum of the City of New York Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago Archives National Archives Nebraska State Historical Society The Andrew J.
