National income is a measure of the total economic activity of a country, including the production of goods and services and the income earned from that production. It is an important indicator of the overall health and prosperity of an economy, as it reflects the ability of a country to produce and sell goods and services and to provide its citizens with a high standard of living. There are several measures of national income, each of which provides a different perspective on the economic activity of a country.
One common measure of national income is gross domestic product (GDP). GDP measures the total market value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year. It includes both the production of goods for final consumption, such as consumer goods, and the production of intermediate goods, such as raw materials and components used in the production of other goods. GDP is typically calculated on a quarterly or annual basis, and it is often used as a benchmark for comparing the economic performance of different countries.
Another measure of national income is gross national product (GNP). Like GDP, GNP measures the total value of goods and services produced within a country's borders. However, it includes the income earned by citizens of a country regardless of where they are located, whereas GDP only includes the income earned within the country's borders. This means that GNP takes into account the income earned by citizens of a country who are working abroad, whereas GDP does not.
A third measure of national income is net national income (NNI), which is also known as national income. NNI is calculated by subtracting the depreciation of capital goods from GNP. Depreciation refers to the decline in the value of capital goods over time due to wear and tear, and it is a significant factor in the calculation of national income because it reflects the cost of maintaining and replacing these goods. NNI is a useful measure of national income because it takes into account the cost of maintaining and replacing capital goods, which is an important factor in the long-term economic growth of a country.
In summary, there are several measures of national income, including GDP, GNP, and NNI. Each of these measures provides a different perspective on the economic activity of a country and is used to assess the overall health and prosperity of an economy. Understanding these measures is important for policymakers, businesses, and individuals seeking to make informed decisions about economic policy and investment.
Barriers of Communication Essay
It is done voluntarily or non-voluntarily as one still communicates in one manner or another. Status Barriers Superior-Subordinate Relationship : Status or position in the hierarchy of an organisation is one of the fundamental barriers that obstruct free flow of information. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit. Although this can be achieved, nevertheless, it has been complicated by the fact that there are some organizations that operate on a global market. In line with this, effective communication helps achieve organizational alignment, as elaborated below. Gestural communicating is the messages expressed by non-linguistic agencies. Thus, formal channels of communication must be supplemented with the use of grapevine.
Essay on Communication Barriers Essay Example
Journal of English language and literature, 3 2 , 74-76. To minimise the illation, one must be unfastened minded and listen! There are four key barriers to communication. Having an unfastened head is to accept the facts as they are and non inquiry or knock the facts. Effective listening can not be done concurrently with speaking but should be enhanced for good communication to take place Handel, 1989. Importance of the role of communication in the workplace Good communication is a mandatory requirement for the proper functioning of any organization. Believe it or not, denial is kind of a human expression in which we refuse circumstances in which we don't feel any comfort in showing or being sincere about.
Barriers to Communication
Personal barriers are related to trust and ego. A subordinate may also feel reluctant to report his shortcomings or may not seek clarification on instructions which are subject to different interpretations for fear of loss of prestige in the eyes of the superior. Others tend to rehearse on what they will say especially after scrutinizing who the speaker is. The sister-in-charge, who was working in the duty room, thought that they were talking about her incompetence. Emotional interferences vary from individual to individual depending on their personalities. Personal Barriers: Personal factors like difference in judgement, social values, inferiority complex, bias, attitude, pressure of time, inability to communicate, etc.
Conclusion about the barriers of communication Free Essays
Failure to retain or store information for future use becomes a barrier to communication when the information is needed in future. Therefore, it is necessary to decide what the receiver should know. Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 3 2 , 7-18. Managers must be clear about what they wish to communicate as wellas the objective of that communication. So far as communication is concerned, we wish to attempt to send nonverbal, preverbal, as well as verbal messages.
