Elizabeth i religious settlement. The Religious Settlement 2022-12-15
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Elizabeth I, the Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, is well known for her efforts to establish a stable religious settlement in her realm. This settlement, known as the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, sought to address the religious tensions that had plagued England for much of the previous century, and to establish the Church of England as a moderate, middle way between the Protestant and Catholic factions that had fought for supremacy in the country.
One of the key factors driving Elizabeth's efforts to establish a religious settlement was the fact that England had experienced significant religious upheaval during the reigns of her father, Henry VIII, and her brother, Edward VI. Henry VIII had famously broken with the Roman Catholic Church and established the Church of England in order to obtain a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. However, he had also maintained many traditional Catholic practices and beliefs, which led to significant confusion and conflict within the newly established Church.
Edward VI, on the other hand, had pursued a more radical Protestant agenda, leading to further religious strife and division. Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she inherited a country that was deeply divided along religious lines, with many people feeling strongly that the Church of England should either become more Protestant or more Catholic.
To address these tensions, Elizabeth set out to establish a settlement that would seek to unite the various factions within the Church of England and bring some stability to the country. She did this in a number of ways, including:
Establishing the 39 Articles of Religion: These articles, which were based on the work of Thomas Cranmer and the earlier Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England, set out the core beliefs of the Church of England and were intended to provide a clear and concise statement of its doctrine.
Reinstating the traditional Catholic liturgy: Elizabeth recognized that many people in England were attached to the traditional liturgy and ceremonies of the Catholic Church, and so she allowed the use of the Book of Common Prayer, which contained many elements of the Catholic Mass. This helped to appease those who were more traditional in their religious beliefs, while also retaining a Protestant emphasis on the importance of the Bible.
Appointing moderate bishops: Elizabeth was careful to appoint bishops who were moderate in their views and who would be able to bridge the gap between the Protestant and Catholic factions within the Church. This helped to ensure that the Church of England remained a moderate, middle way between the two extremes.
Overall, Elizabeth's efforts to establish a stable religious settlement in England were largely successful. While there were certainly those who opposed her efforts and continued to push for more radical reforms, the majority of the population came to accept the Church of England as a legitimate and important institution. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement provided a basis for religious unity in England for many years to come, and helped to lay the foundations for the Church of England's role as the established church in the country.
Elizabeth I: The Religious Settlement
Retrieved 1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020. Elizabeth I 1533-1603 , daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, became Queen of England in 1558. Even with these Catholic concessions, it only just passed the House of Lords, an embarrassment considering that several Catholic bishops including White of Winchester and the Abbot of Westminster were conveniently absent after misbehaviour in a staged Protestantism versus Catholicism debate. The Act of Uniformity of 1559 set out the groundwork for the Elizabethan church. In poetry and portraiture, she was depicted as a virgin, a goddess, or both, not as a normal woman.
A combination of miscalculation, My loving people, we have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit ourself to armed multitudes for fear of treachery; but I assure you, I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people. The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey. Elizabeth's coffin was carried downriver at night to Westminster was surcharged with multitudes of all sorts of people in their streets, houses, windows, leads and gutters, that came out to see the Elizabeth was interred in Westminster Abbey, in a tomb shared with her half-sister, Mary I. Retrieved 22 October 2020. Catherine Parr, Henry's widow, soon married Thomas Seymour nevertheless continued scheming to control the royal family and tried to have himself appointed the governor of the King's person. The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism. The fine was one shilling, then about one day's labour for a skilled worker, but few were collected in practice.
Who keeps their sovereign from the lapse of error, in which, by ignorance and not by intent they might have fallen, what thank they deserve, we know, though you may guess. A proclamation forbade any "breach, alteration, or change of any order or usage presently established within this our realm". When she became Queen, one of the first things it was necessary for her to do was restore the Church of England. Returning to Protestantism would annoy Catholic Spain, the most powerful nation in the world at the time, and who Elizabeth needed to keep her fragile friendship with. The queen therefore sought a Protestant solution that would not offend Catholics too greatly while addressing the desires of English Protestants, but she would not tolerate the The Book of Common Prayer compulsory, though the penalties for Marriage question From the start of Elizabeth's reign it was expected that she would marry, and the question arose to whom. Failure to attend service resulted in a small fine which was then given to the poor.
The Myth of Elizabeth. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611 The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop During the reign of The The Church of England was fundamentally changed. The most important ceremony is the Mass. The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. In 1577, Whitgift was made conservative carries connotations of Catholicism. It also repealed the The bill easily passed the House of Commons. In 1559, she had Dudley's bedchambers moved next to her own apartments.
A Protestant Elizabeth was behind the Protestant Settlement and there is strong evidence for her own Protestantism. Retrieved 9 January 2020. THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY This was the crux of the Elizabethan Church, establishing a set form of worship. There should be no Mass. Religious differences threatened the stability of England at that time. The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Queen Elizabeth was in attendance for the opening speech which was delivered by Nicholas Bacon, the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal.
There should be no Pope or bishops. But her Majesty did all by halves, and by petty invasions taught the Spaniard how to defend himself, and to see his own weakness. One of the causes for this "second reign" of Elizabeth, as it is sometimes called, During the last years of her reign, Elizabeth came to rely on the granting of monopolies as a cost-free system of patronage, rather than asking Parliament for more subsidies in a time of war. Changes needed to be introduced with a minimum of confrontation in order to overcome fear and suspicion at home and abroad. By 1590 most of the people accepted the Church of England as the national Church.
There is much debate amongst historians concerning the religious priorities of Elizabeth in formulating the momentous Church Settlement of 1559, which was to shape the Church of England for years to come. Elizabeth made sure that she did not give way to ardent Calvinists, so although her Settlement was mainly Protestant, with an English Bible and denunciation of transubstantiation, it was Catholic enough to irritate hard-core Calvinists, such as Anthony Cooke. Church attendance on Sundays and holy days was made compulsory, with a twelve pence fine to be collected if people did not attend, the money to be given to the poor. Students make their own presentations detailing the religious changes. She needed to establish a national church which would seek to secure the religious conformity and attendance of as many of her subjects as possible.
Faithful Christians with differing theological convictions could find a home in a comprehensive English church. Oxford University Press, 1996. Many factors can lay claim to shaping the Settlement, but in order to judge which one influenced it most strongly, one must look at the Settlement itself, which contains a strong base of Protestantism but with conservative concessions. They choose one they think is most important and justify it. At first many Puritans seemed to accept the Settlement, but they soon started organising campaigns to make it more Protestant. The revised Act of Supremacy still abolished papal supremacy, but defined Elizabeth as Supreme Governor, rather than Supreme Head, of the church.
Why did Elizabeth I pursue a compromised religious settlement?, Sample of Essays
By constant attention to the details of her total performance, she kept the rest of the cast on their toes and kept her own part as queen. The Act of Uniformity 1559 This laid down the rules about religious services which were to be carried out in churches throughout Wales and England. Although in practical terms, extremist worshippers were largely permitted to pursue their beliefs without interference, some 400 priests did resign as a consequence of the Settlement. England had been officially Protestant under the rule of Edward VI from 1547 to 1553 and Roman Catholic under the rule of Mary Tudor from 1553 to 1558. Though some historians have criticised Elizabeth on similar grounds, In 1589, the year after the Spanish Armada, Elizabeth sent to Spain the Counter Armada with 23,375 men and 150 ships, led by Sir Francis Drake as admiral and Sir France When the Protestant Henry IV inherited the French throne in 1589, Elizabeth sent him military support.
