Fruit fly genetics lab report. Drosophila melanogaster lab report 2023-01-02
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A fruit fly genetics lab report is a report on the results of a laboratory experiment involving the genetics of fruit flies, also known as Drosophila melanogaster. These small insects are widely used in genetics research due to their short lifespan, easy maintenance, and ability to produce large numbers of offspring.
In a fruit fly genetics lab, researchers may study a variety of traits, such as eye color, wing shape, or body size. These traits are often controlled by specific genes, which can be manipulated through techniques such as crossbreeding or gene editing. By studying the inheritance patterns of these traits, researchers can gain insights into the underlying genetics of the fruit fly and how genes are passed from one generation to the next.
One common method for studying fruit fly genetics is to perform a crossbreeding experiment. In this experiment, researchers breed two different strains of fruit flies with known genetic differences, such as different eye colors. By analyzing the offspring of these crosses, researchers can determine the inheritance patterns of the traits being studied and infer the presence and function of specific genes.
Another method used in fruit fly genetics research is gene editing. This involves altering the DNA sequence of a specific gene in order to study its effects on the fruit fly. This can be done using techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9, which allows scientists to make precise changes to the genome. By altering specific genes, researchers can learn more about their role in the development and function of the fruit fly.
Overall, fruit fly genetics research is an important tool for understanding the fundamental principles of genetics and how genes control the traits of organisms. The results of these studies have wide-ranging implications for understanding human genetics and the genetic basis of diseases.
AP Bio Lab Report: Fruit Fly blog.sigma-systems.com
When sex cells are produced through meiosis each gamete contains only 1 allele for each trait, when the two gametes combine to create a new organism the new offspring has 2 alleles of ach trait one which is dominant over the other recessive. The MC2 was carried out by crossing an F1 female from MC1 with an F1 male from MC1. Due to their shriveled non-functioning wings, they had greatly decreased movement, and therefore, in theory, had a much lower mating success rate. Contrary to dipteran insects, white and scarlet were juxtaposed in a head-to-tail orientation in the silkworm genome, suggesting that the origin of white and scarlet was a tandem duplication of their ancestral transporter gene. This last alteration has not been previously described as a mutation in the D. For the given outcomes of the genes if predicted genes were autosomal than the reciprocal crosses would generate a same F1 phenotype because the genes are carried on genes that do not distinguish based on sex.
When separating the flies according to the sex, there were distinct characteristics. If the parent flies were homozygous, both the F1 and the F2 phenotypes would be the same holding a 1:1ratio, instead of the 9:3:3:1 ratio that was observed. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in 1933 and the Division of Biology that he founded at Caltech produced seven more Nobel laureates. Hypothesis 2: If we cross a homozygous vestigial wing fly and normal body fly with a homozygous normal wings and ebony body fly, and we get a 9:3:3:1 ratio, then vestigial wing is incompletely dominant over ebony body. Agents of biological control include predators, parasites, as well as diseases.
Using… Fly Lab Report Famers and herders have been selectively breeding their plans and animals to produce more useful hybrids for thousands of years. The varied coloration on the fruit flies is due to the body color alleles inherited from the parents. The common fruit fly was little which made it simple to contain a large number of them in one area, it had a short life expectancy, shabby upkeep, ready to duplicate numerous offspring, and ready to contrast their genomes with other organisms NIH, 2013. After taking data with the Chi-squared value of 5. This experiment was conducted to see how the relative fitness of two different phenotypes of the Drosophila melanogaster can affect evolution in the population of two different environments. Due to this it was able to be determined that the genotypes of the F1 generation was AaBb x AaBb. Meaning that the presence of one trait is not analogous to the presence of a different trait.
For the purpose of the lab we used two types of fruit flies: Wild Type and Mutant Type flies. The crosses were left to incubate until week four. The F1 crosses were then begun. Expected Genotypic Ratio Expected Phenotypic ratio P1 1:11:1 F1 1:11:1 Recommendations for future study, in my opinion, include studying as many flies as possible in one setting. The wild type fruit fly is used to discover inheritance patterns in mutant flies.
Because a 9:3:3:1 ratio was predicted for the F2 generation of the unknown cross, it was expected that there would be 172 flies with no mutations, 57 flies would contain only the eye mutation, 57 would contain only the wing mutation, and that 19 flies would contain both genetic mutations. If males are present when females emerge, the females will begin to lay eggs within two days. Mendel saw that in the F1 generation, the yellow unit trademark was absent. The female flies in the F1 generation must be carriers of the trait, which is why when they mate with males that have light bodies, many of the female offspring will have light bodies. The fruit fly life-cycle, like that of other holometabolous insects is completed in four distinct cycles. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the F1 genotype of fruit fly traits using the phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation and to express these results of the unknown cross through a Chi-square model.
On the other hand the white eyes mutation is also a sex linked gene which can have a larger possibility for males to exhibit the white eye gene trait due to where the gene is located on the chromosome. Additionally, the life cycle of fruit flies is quite short, lasting approximately 26 days for a female and approximately 33 days for a male Ullrey 20111. His Law of Segregation states that an offspring randomly receives an allele from each parent, resulting in a pair of alleles. Results Overall, the class collected data on a total of 307 fruit flies, finding that 172 flies did not exhibit mutations, 57 flies demonstrated the sepia eye mutation but no wing mutation, 62 demonstrated no eye color mutation but had no wings, and 16 flies had both the eye and wing mutation present. By utilizing a monohybrid and additionally a dihybrid cross, the experimenter could decide the likelihood of particular traits all through the F1 and F2 generation Russell, 2010.
This is exhibited in Table 1 below. The Wild Type population has red yes and normal length wings, while the mutant type flies have white eyes and miniature wings. The following white eye mutation could be set up by the following white type white eye female and a combination of wild type male with vestigial wings. In cross B, F1 virgin females were paired with dumpy sepia males. Following DC2, another cross, called Mapping cross one MC1 , is then executed using a virgin unknown female with males carrying the dominant marker genes for the phenotypes yellow y , crossveinless cv , vermillion v , and forked f. A Chi Squared value was determined to be. This biologically makes sense as the F2 generation was able to demonstrate mutations while also containing small variance compared to earlier generations.
This experiment was done so that every week we were able to observe the fruit flies. Approximately eight days after the egg hatches the larva enters the pupa plural pupae stage. Our results emphasize the functional conservation and diversification of half-type ABC transporter families in insects, which may contribute to their extremely diverse color patterns. The traits are expressed fairly evenly among male flies and female flies. Using …show more content… Looking at all of the fruit flies, there is no possible way for the parent flies to be homozygous. By studying flies he discovered that genes are located on chromosomes. The egg stage lasts a single day and from it emerges a larva plural larvae.
To decide the likelihood of a fruit fly containing any kind of trait, test crosses were begun with the parent through the F2 generation. In Bombyx, White is also essential for the transport of uric acid in larval epidermis. Examples of incomplete dominance are not demonstrated with this simulation. By observing the pattern of inheritance through multiple crosses and assessing the offspring to map out the X chromosome we will be able answer the question, How far apart are the traits for eye color and wing length? As a results, the agriculture industry has taken drastic measures to reduce and control pest population. Crossing a homozygous dominant parent with a homozygous recessive parent produces all heterozygous offspring showing the dominant phenotype, which is consistent with the actual cross data. This data was tested at the.
