Influenza research paper. Research Paper On Influenza 2022-12-21
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Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can affect people of all ages and can range in severity from a mild illness to a life-threatening condition. Influenza is a significant public health concern as it can lead to hospitalization and death, particularly in high-risk groups such as older adults, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions.
Research on influenza has been ongoing for decades, with the goal of better understanding the virus and developing effective strategies for prevention and treatment. One area of research has focused on the development of vaccines to protect against influenza. These vaccines typically contain inactivated or weakened forms of the virus and are designed to stimulate the body's immune system to produce antibodies that can recognize and fight off the virus. Vaccines can be administered as a shot or a nasal spray and are typically available each year to protect against the most common strains of influenza.
Another area of research has focused on the development of antiviral medications to treat influenza. These medications, such as oseltamivir and zanamivir, work by inhibiting the ability of the virus to replicate and spread within the body. They can be used to treat influenza in individuals who are at high risk of complications or who are severely ill. Antiviral medications are most effective when started within the first 48 hours of symptom onset and can help reduce the severity and duration of illness.
In addition to the development of vaccines and antiviral medications, research on influenza has also focused on understanding the epidemiology and transmission of the virus. This includes studying the patterns and trends of influenza outbreaks, as well as identifying risk factors for contracting the virus. This research helps inform public health strategies for controlling the spread of influenza, such as promoting vaccination and hand hygiene, and identifying and isolating infected individuals.
Another important aspect of influenza research is the study of the genetic makeup and evolution of the virus. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, and understanding these changes is crucial for predicting which strains will circulate in a given season and for developing effective vaccines. For example, researchers can use genomic data to identify which influenza viruses are spreading in a population and to track how they are changing over time. This information can be used to update the composition of influenza vaccines to better match the circulating strains.
In conclusion, influenza research is a vital field that aims to improve our understanding of this highly contagious and potentially severe respiratory illness. Through the development of vaccines and antiviral medications, the study of epidemiology and transmission, and the analysis of the genetic makeup and evolution of the virus, researchers are working to protect individuals from influenza and reduce the burden of illness on communities and healthcare systems.
Influenza
Both influenza A and influenza B viruses are enveloped negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes comprising eight single-stranded RNA segments located inside the virus particle. Was… was that okay? The influenza virus is a deadly virus that has been killing people since the 1900s; in 1918 the first recorded epidemic of a strain of influenza known as the Spanish flu killed approximately 50 million people "Pandemic Flu History". Newly synthesized viral polymerases PB1, PB2 and PA and viral NP are imported to the nucleus to further increase the rate of viral RNA synthesis, whereas virus membrane proteins HA, NA and M2 traffic to and get inserted into the plasma membrane. This is a quote from Purple Death that reports the …show more content… Twenty-eight percent of the U. Over a period of time in the late year of 76 and 07, its estimated to be about 3,000 to 49,000 flu related deaths in the United State Influenza in New York City NEW YORK--The Influenza epidemic arrived in the city last month, and it has remained a constant presence since then.
The M1 protein is thought to provide a scaffold that helps the structure of the virion and that, together with NEP, regulates the trafficking of the viral RNA segments in the cell; the M2 protein is a proton ion channel that is required for viral entry and exit and that, together with the HA and NA glycoproteins, is located on the surface of the virus anchored in a lipid membrane derived from the infected cell. In addition, some avian influenza A viruses, especially those of the H7 subtype, have been associated with human infections of the eye and conjunctivitis inflammation of the conjunctiva Transmission in animals The main reservoir of diverse strains and subtypes of influenza A virus is wild birds, especially migratory ducks and geese. In addition, the paper discusses avian influenza and addresses the current threat of a bird flu pandemic. The influenza A virus affects humans, birds and pigs. Type C is antigenically stable. Ottenberg stated that, in United States, an average of 200,000 were hospitalized and 36,000 died each year from influenza complications.
Although there are no vaccines present there are antiviral medications like Tami flu that are produced by Gilead Sciences. There are three genera of influenza: A, B and C CDC, 2014; Duncan, D 2013. Not much is known about why this particular disease singled out these ages with such vigor, but there is a theory that it was easier for the 1918 flu to attack people who were born before 1889 because those people were exposed to something then that made them more susceptible to the disease 29 years Influenza Pandemic Of 1918 Research Paper Influenza pandemic 1918 The influenza pandemic of 1918 was a tragic event in New Zealand history that killed many. Influenza and War Medical officials agree that one of the characteristic features of the influenza is its air-born infectivity. The infection may also be spread from person to person by direct contact with the secretions of infected persons.
The Influenza of 1918 The 1918 influenza had a catastrophic impact on the world. Let me explain it to you in less technical terms. Viral mRNA is translated into viral proteins in the cytoplasm, and these are assembled into new virions together with the newly synthesized vRNPs. Even though the influenza virus can sometimes be compared with the common cold. The cleavage site of HA is responsible for the tissue tropism of the virus, with all influenza viruses having a cleavage site recognized by extracellular proteases present in respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells,. HA, haemagglutinin; M1, matrix protein; M2, membrane protein; NA, neuraminidase; NEP, nuclear export protein; NP, nucleoprotein; NS1, nonstructural protein; PB1, PB2 and PA, viral RNA polymerases.
Philadelphia Influenza Research Paper Philadelphia was overcrowded with people. Mode of Transmission and Geographic Location: Influenza can be contacted due to close contact with infected individuals, influenza actually originated in Spain, but since then it has spread worldwide with the exception of possibly Antarctica. Mostly these vaccines are designed to protect from at least three or four influenza viruses. Treatment: Some initial treatments are drinking plenty of fluids, rest, pain relievers optional , antiviral medication such as Tamiflu or Relenza, these medications will allow you to recover a few days faster than average. To explain these, this paper will specifically focus on describing three main points. They include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle weakness, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, dry cough, pharyngitis, gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. However, experts agree that influenza and influenza related deaths could be significantly prevented if people took the influenza vaccine annually.
WHO issues updated influenza vaccines position paper
Vaccination provides immunity to fight against infection. Each influenza virus isolate receives a unique name according to a set of rules. These strains are broken up into categories such as Influenza A, B, C. A mutation is like a wild card. The influenza also known as the spanish flu broke out after World War One ending in 1918. Transmissions to other avian species for example, poultry from domestic ducks or directly from wild birds can also occur from contaminated water.
Full size image Fusion results in the release of virus contents, namely, its genetic material in the form of eight viral ribonucleoproteins vRNPs , into the cytoplasm. They still manage to come back stronger then when they first hit. Just a short drive around town it is evident that flu shots are encouraged everywhere one looks. Evolving Influenza The Flu is not one strain of a virus; instead there are many strains of the Influenza virus. At any given year, 20% of the population in the United States is expected to develop influenza pandemic Palese and GarcĂa-Sastre, 2002.
Once a red blood cell in the respiratory tract encounters a virion, a receptor on the surface of that host cell interacts with the hemagglutinins which are glycoproteins found on. Influenza causes worldwide yearly epidemics. Influenza viruses from wild birds can spill over through water or fomites to marine mammals and to domestic free-range ducks. Among these scientists, I think Alexander Fleming made the greatest contributions. Also, influenza virus is an enveloped virus. From medical personnel to store checkouts The History of the Flu Essay The History of the Flu This research paper covers the basic history of influenza.
