Computer games have become a popular form of entertainment in recent years, and their cultural and economic impact has been significant. As a result, there has been a great deal of research conducted on the effects of computer games on individuals and society. This review of the literature will explore the various ways in which computer games have been studied, and will summarize the main findings of this research.
One of the most common ways in which computer games have been studied is through their effects on cognitive abilities. Many researchers have found that computer games can have a positive impact on various cognitive skills, such as spatial reasoning, problem-solving, and attention. For example, a study by Feng, Spence, and Pratt (2007) found that action video games improved visual attention and spatial skills in a sample of young adults. Other research has found that puzzle games, such as Tetris, can improve spatial visualization skills (Kirsh & Maglio, 1994).
In addition to their cognitive effects, computer games have also been studied for their potential to affect social and emotional development. Some research has suggested that computer games can have a negative impact on social skills, as they may discourage face-to-face interaction and lead to feelings of social isolation (Gentile, 2009). However, other research has found that computer games can have a positive impact on social skills, as they can provide opportunities for cooperation and collaboration (Kowert, Festl, & Quandt, 2014).
The potential effects of computer games on aggression and violence have also been a focus of research. Some studies have suggested that playing violent computer games can lead to increased aggression and aggressive behavior (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). However, other research has found that the relationship between computer game violence and aggression is complex, and that other factors, such as individual differences and the context in which the games are played, may also be important (Ferguson, 2007).
In addition to their effects on individual behavior, computer games have also been studied for their economic and cultural impacts. The computer game industry has grown significantly in recent years, and it is now a major contributor to the global economy (Entertainment Software Association, 2018). In addition to their economic impact, computer games have also played a role in shaping popular culture, with many computer games becoming mainstream media franchises with spin-off merchandise and film adaptations (Jahn-Sudmann & Quandt, 2016).
Overall, the literature on computer games is extensive and diverse, and it has examined a wide range of topics, including cognitive effects, social and emotional development, aggression and violence, and economic and cultural impacts. While some research has suggested negative effects of computer games, other studies have found that they can have positive impacts on various aspects of development and behavior. As with any form of media, it is important to consider the potential effects of computer games in the context of the individual and the environment in which they are used.
