The tlatelolco massacre. What happened in the Tlatelolco massacre? 2022-12-19
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The Tlatelolco Massacre, also known as the Corpus Christi Massacre, was a tragic and violent event that took place on October 2, 1968, in Tlatelolco, a neighborhood in Mexico City, Mexico. The massacre occurred during a student protest that was being held in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas (Three Cultures Plaza) in Tlatelolco. The protest was part of a larger movement known as the "Mexican Student Movement" or the "Mexican Movement of 1968," which was a series of student-led protests and demonstrations that took place in Mexico City and other cities throughout Mexico.
The Tlatelolco Massacre is considered one of the darkest moments in Mexico's modern history. On the day of the massacre, thousands of students and supporters had gathered in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas to protest against the government's authoritarian rule and to demand greater democracy and social justice. The protest was peaceful until the arrival of the military and police, who began to shoot at the protesters, killing and injuring many of them. The exact number of casualties is unknown, but estimates range from hundreds to thousands of people killed and injured.
The Tlatelolco Massacre had a profound impact on Mexico and its people. The massacre was a turning point in Mexican history and marked the beginning of a period of political instability and repression that lasted for many years. It also sparked widespread outrage and condemnation from the international community, and the government's response to the massacre was widely criticized as being inadequate and unjust.
In the years following the Tlatelolco Massacre, there have been numerous investigations and inquiries into the events of that day, but the full extent of the massacre and its consequences remain shrouded in mystery and controversy. Many people, including victims and their families, believe that the government was responsible for the massacre and that it was carried out as a way to silence and suppress the voices of those who opposed the government.
Despite the passage of time, the Tlatelolco Massacre continues to be a source of pain and trauma for many Mexicans. The events of that day serve as a reminder of the importance of democracy, freedom of expression, and the right to protest. It is a reminder that we must always be vigilant in the face of injustice and that we must stand up for what we believe in, even in the face of great adversity.
Tepito Arte Acá
It is a cultural and political reference point, a touchstone. Note: The following documents are in PDF format. What were the main motivations of the student movement during the events that came to be known as May 68? Initially their demands were limited to greater employment and respect for university autonomy; however, the struggles of the factory workers and rural peasants soon resonated with them. Source: Released to Carlos Puig under the Freedom of Information Act, June 1994 Document 89 October 22, 1968 Mexican Army Preparations to Cope with Future Student Disturbances in Mexico City Defense Intelligence Agency, confidential intelligence information report Following the close of the Olympic games and the expected return of students to classes, the Mexican military expects a resurgence in student protest activity. The CIA reported on July 31 that both DFS chief Fernando Gutiérrez Barrios and Fernando Solana, Secretary General of UNAM, had confirmed privately that "neither the Mexican government nor the university management has any plans for dealing with the current problem of student protests and agitation. In the meantime, details about the Tlatelolco massacre continue to trickle out through newly declassified U. A source tells the DIA that the Mexican Army "had taken good care" of the 18 foreigners including some Cubans involved in the events at Tlatelolco.
Advocacy groups and student leaders at the time claim that up to 300 hundred were killed by the army and a paramilitary group called the Olympia Battalion. In commemoration of Tlatelolco's thirty-fifth anniversary, the National Security Archive is posting a complete set of the most important documents released to date from the secret archives of the CIA, Pentagon, State Department, FBI and the White House -- many of them recently declasified in response to Freedom of Information Act requests filed by the Archive. The Wounded Knee Massacre 384 Words 2 Pages 1st Set of Journal Entries Entry 1: Accounts of the Wounded Knee Massacre What was the Wounded Knee Massacre? Here are photos from Tuesday: Photo by Isabel Caballero-Samper Protesters began to gather in the Plaza of the Three Cultures, in the Tlatelolco district, in the early afternoon. However, he has been frequently criticized because he suppressed liberties and distributed unevenly wealth. Embassy for channeling information to U. There would be widespread criticism for such a move now since the situation appears to be improving.
Eyewitness accounts and more accurate estimates made by scholars have placed the number of actual deaths somewhere closer to 300 with countless more wounded and over 1,000 imprisoned. Johnson Library, National Security Files CO-Mexico, Vol. Mexicans could not own their own land without a documented legal title. Mexican army troops hold a group of young men arrested in the Plaza of the Three Cultures district in Mexico City on Oct. Embassy concurs in this general estimate and will be analyzing situation in further depth as information becomes available. Families were drawn in, whole apartment buildings and neighborhoods.
While this DIA report states that the military performed "creditably," it also notes some charges of "over-reaction" - such as the alleged "hazing" of students inside one school - and calls the regime's denials that students were killed by security forces "the official government line. La Jornada in Spanish. While the IOC and other Olympic boosters relive the false and hollow glories of 1968, we choose to remember the lives lost in Tlatelolco, and the true costs of maintaining the Olympic legacy. Once the repression touched the students and the government showed it would not relent, the pace of the protests accelerated, as Arturo Anguiano, a student leader at the National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM , described: On August 5, a demonstration from Zacatenco to Casco de Santo Tomás 100,000 participants ; on August 13, from Casco de Santo Tomás to Zócalo 150,000 ; on August 27, from the Museum of Anthropology in Chapultepec to the Zócalo more than 250,000 participants ; on September 13, a silent demonstration 200,000 people. The next day, no one. Due to political stability, and lack of wealth—under the reign of Porfirio—there was commotion, especially amongst the middle and lower classes. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
The 50th Anniversary of the Tlatelolco Massacre: A Photo Essay
AP Fifty years ago, on October 2, 1968, a horrific massacre of students and protesters took place at the Plaza de las Tres Culturas Three Cultures Square in the Tlatelolco housing complex in Mexico City. It seems unlikely that the PRI can bring about a fundamental solution to the problem without changing the widespread conviction that it is entrenched, stagnant, and primarily self-serving. Reference List National Security Archive. Source: National Archives, RG 59, 1967-69 Def 12-5 Mex, Box 1578 August 15, 1968 Troops Used to Help Quell Mexico City Student Riots Defense Intelligence Agency, confidential intelligence information report A chronological account of Mexican military involvement in disbanding student protests in Mexico City during the week of July 29. The International Olympic Committee—headed by Avery Brundage from the U. Covey Oliver warns, however, that U.
The CIA reports on two "communist" professors providing leadership to students: Fausto Trejo Fuentes, a man who was reportedly rejected for membership by the Communist Party for being "too radical," and Eli de Gortari, a former rector of the University of Morelia with "an extensive communist background. Embassy in Mexico, limited official use telegram Following the outbreak of rioting and clashes between students and police on July 26 near Mexico City's central plaza Zócalo , the Embassy reports that the events were instigated by the Mexican Communist Youth JCM. The plaza not only represents three cultures but is an important reminder of the Mexican spirit of determination. In another incident, a student was shot and killed by police during a standoff at a preparatory school. Embassy in Mexico, airgram In this cable, the U. Still Secret Although the United States government has declassified dozens of documents on the massacre of Tlatelolco from the secret archives of the CIA, State Department, Pentagon, FBI and White House, certain key records remain classified and inaccessible to the public. The victims included one soldier and four female victims.
Remembering the Tlatelolco Massacre: 50 Years Later
The CIA relays reports that "students are circulating knives and small arms with which to protect themselves in the event they are 'attacked' by police or military forces during the demonstration. Today, however, we remember the 50th anniversary of the Tlatelolco massacre and the unknown number of lives lost in one of the darkest and most violent events in modern Mexican history, one that is indelibly linked to the 1968 Olympic Games and stands as a solemn reminder of why we continue to fight against the Olympics today. The unreliability of the government in clarifying the events of the massacre left the people of Mexico as well as private investigators including Archivos Abiertos with the urge to know what happened. Throughout this period, the dead and their names have not come out. According to source, soldiers were merely supposed to surround students and observe with the intention of confining the demonstrators to that part of the city. A peaceful demonstration planned for September 25 was stifled by security forces at its starting point. The LITEMPO documents detail: That in response to Mexican government concerns over the security of the Olympic Games the Pentagon sent military radios, weapons, ammunition and riot control training material to Mexico before and during the crisis.
What Happened In The Tlatelolco Massacre History Essay
The conditions were being created. Tlatelolco remained an important location in the colonial era, partly because of the foundation there, of the school for elite indigenous men, the Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, which was the first school of higher learning in the Americas. Source: National Archives, RG 59, 1967-69 Pol 13-2 Mex, Box 2340 Department of State: July 31, 1968 Student Disturbances in Mexico Assistant Secretary of State for Latin America, confidential memorandum On the heels of the late July riots in Mexico City the Secretary of State is given a summary of the information coming from the U. Judas At The Jockey Club Summary 1602 Words 7 Pages Many of these countries faced the same problems in their economic development during the turn of the 19th century. I speak no Spanish. Source: National Archives, RG 59, 1967-69 Pol 13-2 Mex, Box 2340 August 23, 1968 Review of Student Disturbances in Mexico in Recent Years U.
Vázquez's subsequent guerrilla activities later helped to inspire the Mexican government's "Dirty War" of the 1970s. Tlatelolco Massacre: The Event On October 1, the CNH held two rallies at UNAM. Tepito Arte Acá is one of very few of Los Grupos to survive from that time. The cable concludes that "the old order is passing" and the PRI has lost control over public behavior. Embassy in Mexico, confidential telegram In its latest update the Embassy reports on the regime's continued assault on the National Strike Council CNH.
