Trans saharan caravan. AP World Notes Unit 2: Trans 2022-12-14
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The trans-Saharan caravan was a major trade route that connected the Mediterranean coast of North Africa to the savannas of West Africa. It was a key economic and cultural exchange system that operated for over 1,000 years, beginning in the 7th century and lasting until the 20th century. The caravan was a complex network of routes that crossed the Sahara Desert and linked the civilizations of the Maghreb, the Sahel, and West Africa.
The trans-Saharan caravan was an important source of trade for a number of goods, including gold, salt, and slaves. Gold was a valuable commodity in the medieval world and was mined in West Africa and traded along the trans-Saharan caravan routes. Salt was also an important trade item, as it was a valuable commodity used for preserving food and was abundant in the Sahara Desert. Slaves were also traded along the trans-Saharan caravan routes, with the trans-Saharan slave trade being an important source of slaves for the Ottoman Empire and other North African states.
The trans-Saharan caravan was a major cultural exchange system, as well. It brought together people of different cultures and religions, including Muslims, Christians, and animists. The caravan routes also facilitated the spread of Islam throughout West Africa, as traders and scholars brought the religion with them as they traveled.
The trans-Saharan caravan was a complex and sophisticated network that required a great deal of organization and cooperation. Caravan leaders were responsible for organizing the journey, hiring porters, and negotiating with local authorities and merchants along the way. The caravan routes were also subject to attacks by bandits and were vulnerable to the harsh desert environment. As a result, the trans-Saharan caravan required a high level of risk management and resourcefulness.
The trans-Saharan caravan was a key economic and cultural exchange system that played a significant role in the history of Africa. It facilitated trade, cultural exchange, and the spread of Islam throughout the continent and contributed to the development of the civilizations of the Maghreb, the Sahel, and West Africa. Despite the challenges it faced, the trans-Saharan caravan remained an important economic and cultural force for over 1,000 years and continues to be remembered as a key component of Africa's rich history.
How did the Trans
Some of these oases could be mere wells and a few houses but others, like Awdila, the Fezzan group, and the Kufra group all in Libya , were great spreads of luxuriant greenery, a sight indeed for sore desert traveller's eyes. For track-and-tree level aerial imagery, Trans-Sahara Highway: Algeria — Niger The TSH is now sealed from Algiers to the Niger border just south of In Guezzam. A riad is a traditional building in southern Morocco, a large two-story house built around a courtyard. Find wonderful travel, your way Travelstride helps you find trips that move you, so you can choose with confidence. Travel wisely COVID-19 is still affecting travel around the world but more countries continue to reopen and adjust travel restrictions and requirements. On the other hand, many oases over time simply disappeared under the shifting sands or their waters dried up and they were abandoned to the next sandstorm. Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Although it was never that popular, following the 1990s the Algerian stage of the Tanezrouft Route south of Reggane and west of the TSH got closed to tourists, and even trying to get to Bordj Moktar from Tam became risky or forbidden. Last known crossing February 2022. It has all the components of a good trade network: the formation of diasporic communities, new technology, the spread of religion Islamic traditions and even a super rich king by the name of Mansa Musa. Salt was the major commodity going south which was exchanged for gold, ivory, hides, and slaves acquired from African tribes conquered by the sub-Saharan empires. University of California Press, 1992. The two big ones here are camel saddles and caravans. We would love to hear from you, so if you have any question or comment get in touch! Water was drawn up from such wells using camel-haired ropes and leather buckets, pulled by a camel walking away from the well in a straight line.
Its iconic Jamaa Fna square is still busy with storytellers, snake charmers, artisan markets, and all sorts of shopping stalls. In November 2021 three Algerian trucks were bombed and drivers killed near Bir Lahlou, north of Ain Ben Tili in the northern PFZ Polisario Free Zone. Camel saddles helped traders mostly Berber nomads ride the camels the only pack animals equipped to survive in the desert without water for long periods of time without injury, so it was easy to carry goods faster. He had to understand the proper rules of desert hygiene, remedies against scorpions and snakes, how to heal sickness and mend fractures. Stopping for resupply at an oasis did not come for free either as the tribes that controlled them exacted a tax on the passage of goods through their territory. What changes did trans-Saharan trade bring to West Africa? Prevailing routes also shifted according to political alliances and the activities of bandits. In the evening, once all the group members have arrived, we'll gather at the riad with our guide to discuss our upcoming adventure.
The gold-salt trade in Africa made Ghana a powerful empire because they controlled the trade routes and taxed traders. Fuel and lodgings are no more than 250—300-km apart. Search and compare 50,000+ expert-planned itineraries from 1,000+ companies - from international group tours, safaris, expedition cruises and adventure packages to local getaways and more. We'll ride our camels back to M'Hamid, after watching the sunrise from the dunes, to then return north following the course of the Draa river. Permits are now required from Algeria and Mauritania. These goods could be consumed to enhance the prestige of the ruling class or traded on or taxed which made ruling elites even richer than before and, through the payment of armies, left them in an even more dominant position over subjugated tribes and smaller states. What did the Berbers bring to West Africa? They would then trade these goods with the outside world.
Take a look at our countries reopening for tourismlist to find your next destination. Architecture, Archaeology, and Culture - The ancient trans-Saharan caravan towns hold significant cultural, archaeological and architectural significance in the understanding of the way of life of ancient civilisations and their interaction with the desert environment. Day 5: Across the Atlas Mountains back to exciting Marrakech Meal: Breakfast Accommodation: Riad in Marrakech. Indeed, the camel's life span of 50 years surpasses that of the donkey 30-40 years and the horse 25-30 years. Between the two Morocco built a 1500-km long defensive Berm or sand wall.
What were the effects of trans-Saharan trade? The Sahara remains by and large, a huge unpoliced wilderness where the The map above shows the current Atlantic Route, uncertain Tindouf Route and two Nile Routes in green. Caravans were groups of traders traveling together, which often protected them from desert raiders. A person needs a minimum of one litre of water a day in the desert under optimum conditions but this would barely achieve survival. The ancient towns included settlements and structures that supported the social, cultural and economic life of the nomadic culture of the Western Saharan people. At the time of this update, the advisories, not rules. Formerly safe tourist routes are in red, none have been used for at least a decade. Day 6: A finalDay in Marrakech Meal: Breakfast Breakfast will be served at the riad on this finalDay of the tour.
Although once a burgeoning system of trade, the trans-Saharan caravan trade declined as Europeans and others began sailing around Africa rather than traveling through it and as the Americans began supplying gold to the world. Architectural designs in these towns was characterised by narrow winding streets and lanes, mosques with square minarets, decorative stone architecture, houses with patios and central courtyards. In 2009 there was a spate of The Tindouf Route: Algeria —Mauritania During the French colonial era this was the main trans-Sahara route linking Algeria with St Louis or Dakar, without leaving French West African territory. What was the religion of the Trans Saharan caravan trade? Day 2: Crossing the majestic Atlas Mountains from the remote Ounila Valley to the Fint Oasis Meal: Breakfast and Dinner Accommodation: Family house in Fint oasis. The first stop after landing in Morocco will be at our traditional riad in the centre of the medina, or the city's old town.
These caravans carried goods such as silks and salt to the people of West Africa, which they in turn traded for things like gold, ivory and ebony. We'll attempt to arrive to the city as early as possible to have time to enjoy its hustle and bustle, meandering streets, and busy atmosphere. With the increased volume of trans-Saharan trade in the Islamic period, new cultural influences began to spread in Western Africa. The journey across the Sahara could take at least from 40 to 60 days, and it was only made possible by stopping at oases along the way, but even with these water stops, the journey was brutal and hazardous. How did trans-Saharan trade impact the culture of West Africa? However, the rise of the Navigating the Sahara A typical caravan could have 500 camels but some of the annual ones had up to 12,000 camels in them. To avoid the heat of the midday sun, caravans typically set off at dawn to the call of horns and kettledrums, then rested in the shade of tents during the middle of the day, and moved on again in the late afternoon, continuing until well after dark.
Further east, there were also camel caravans linking Darfur in northwest Sudan to Assiut on the A typical caravan could have 500 camels but some of the annual ones had up to 12,000 camels. I rode nearly all of it. We recommend reviewing the And check out everything you need to know about Ready to travel? Private cars and buses using Argeen or Qustul. We'll then explore the remote Fint Oasis, where we'll enjoy a family dinner, and end ourDay among palm trees. Abd al-Rahman, the governor of Maghrib r. Holger Reineccius CC BY-SA The biggest problem, of course, was water.
Here there were date palms, lemon trees, and fig trees, as well as wheat and vines cultivated using irrigation canals. Nature, Sights, and Sounds - Some of the important features in the towns include the Friday Mosque of Chinguetti, a manuscript museum with records dating to the early centuries at Oualata, sandstone buildings, ruins of ancient mosques and settlements, the Tagant Plateau and a museum located in Tichitt. Early in the morning, after breakfast, we'll start our trip back across the Atlas Mountains and head towards Marrakech. We hope you join us on our adventure holidays and enjoy them as much as we enjoy curating them and working here. In December 2019 a Norwegian tourist who cut across the PFZ had quite a lot of bother from military checkpoints, but got to Bir Mogrein eventually. The Histories, Bk 4. In the old days camel caravans followed a string of reliable wells, while circumventing difficult terrain like mountain ranges or sand seas left.
