Williamson ether synthesis lab report. CHEM 3064 Williamson Ether Synthesis blog.sigma-systems.com 2022-12-12

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The Williamson ether synthesis is an important reaction in organic chemistry that allows for the synthesis of ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides. This reaction is named after Alexander Williamson, who first described it in 1850. In this lab report, we will describe the procedure used to perform the Williamson ether synthesis, discuss the mechanisms involved, and provide an analysis of the results obtained.

The procedure for the Williamson ether synthesis involves the use of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, to deprotonate an alcohol, generating an alkoxide ion. This alkoxide ion then reacts with an alkyl halide, resulting in the formation of an ether. The reaction typically takes place in an aqueous solvent, such as water or ethanol, and can be carried out at room temperature.

The mechanisms involved in the Williamson ether synthesis are fairly simple. In the first step, the strong base deprotonates the alcohol, generating the alkoxide ion. This step is known as an S N 2 reaction, in which the base attacks the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group, resulting in the formation of the alkoxide ion.

In the second step, the alkoxide ion reacts with the alkyl halide, forming the ether. This step is known as an S N 2 reaction as well, in which the alkoxide ion attacks the carbon atom bonded to the halogen, resulting in the formation of the ether.

The results of the Williamson ether synthesis depend on several factors, including the nature of the alcohol and alkyl halide used, the strength of the base, and the solvent. In general, the yield of the reaction is good, with most syntheses yielding over 80% of the desired product.

In conclusion, the Williamson ether synthesis is an important reaction in organic chemistry that allows for the synthesis of ethers from alcohols and alkyl halides. The procedure is straightforward, and the mechanisms involved are well understood. The results of the reaction depend on several factors, but in general, the yield is good.

Williamson Ether Synthesis

williamson ether synthesis lab report

Experimental In a 100ml round bottomed flask, salicylamide 2. The resulting crystals were collected by filtration and dried to yield the final product. Then 3 boiling chips is added to the mixture, now starts the fraction distillation. This reaction is called the synthesis of the ether. The written notebook, as well as lab techniques and product quality will contribute to your lab grade. This synthesis serves as a useful example of the versatility of the Williamson ether synthesis in synthesizing a variety of ether compounds.

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✨ Williamson ether synthesis of phenacetin lab report. Lab 7 Williamson Ether Synthesis of blog.sigma-systems.comial

williamson ether synthesis lab report

Scientists use this phylogenetic tree to illustrate evolutionary relationships. The solution was stirred and cooled to 0°C using a water bath. The mixture was then heated to reflux for several hours, during which time the aniline reacted with the acetic anhydride to form an intermediate compound known as a sodium acetate ester. To synthesize phenacetin via the Williamson ether synthesis, we began by mixing acetic anhydride, sodium hydroxide, and aniline in a round-bottom flask. The melting point of the pure sample was 167C - 169C. The consequence of this mishap is the production of an undesired product thus this outcome serves as a real-world example of the importance of proper synthetic planning and lab procedure. The mixture is heated with a heating mantle for distillation to occur.

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Williamson Ether Synthesis Lab Report

williamson ether synthesis lab report

What was ether used for? A thermometer wire was placed in the water bath to monitor the temperature throughout the experiment. Physical appearance for products: On addition of acetaminophen to sodium ethoxide there was a brown coloured solution formed. . When potassium carbonate is present in a solution with acetaminophen it generates the conjugate base of acetaminophen which is powerful enough to pull apart iodoethane. Let the layers settle and remove the lower aqueous layer with a Pasteur pipet. This process was repeated using 1.

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Williamson Ether Synthesis

williamson ether synthesis lab report

Ether, a pleasant-smelling, colourless and highly flammable liquid, may be vaporized into a gas that reduces pain but keeps patients conscious. Tertiary alkyl halides or primary or secondary alkyl halides that are sterically impeded continue to undergo E2 removal in the presence of alkoxide, which serves as a base in addition to being a nucleophile. This will lead to a low reaction rate because the solubility of the sodium cresolate in the organic phase with n-propyl iodide will be low. The second step is an S N 2 substitution reaction in which the alkoxide produced acts as the nucleophile and the alkyl halide acts as the electrophile. The chemistry council has asked you to create either:1. To dissolve the camphene, 3.

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CHEM 3064 Williamson Ether Synthesis blog.sigma-systems.com

williamson ether synthesis lab report

The mixture was then boiled gently at the boiling point for 10 minutes, removed from the heating, and settled for a minutes. Extract the organic layer with 2. The final temperature of the water was then recorded. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled and the resulting solid was collected by filtration. In order to prepare 0. Symmetrical and asymmetrical both forms of ethers are simply prepared.

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Williamson Ether Synthesis Lab Report blog.sigma-systems.com

williamson ether synthesis lab report

The solid was then washed with cold water and dried to yield crude phenacetin. The flask was fastened onto a ring stand and immersed in a water bath that was on top of a stir plate. You need to read the experiment before coming to lab, and have a procedure outlined in your notebook. The slurry was then poured into the column and the solvent just about the silica was drained off into a conical flask. How does waste management in your town compare to the management in other locales? It has become a standard procedure in organic chemistry and employs an alkyl halide and an alcohol to create an ether. Alkyl halides or tosylates react to ethers by forming alkoxy ions.

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Williamson Ether Synthesis Lab blog.sigma-systems.com

williamson ether synthesis lab report

The reaction was left to reflux for approximately two Camphene Synthesis For the first synthesis reaction, camphene was converted to isobornyl acetate. After that, the calculated amounts of kaolinite caly, 10 wt. To minimize losses, the silica slurry beaker was rinsed with more chloroform and added to the column. Williamson Ether Synthesis 4-methoxy-phenoxy benzyl ether In a 100-mL round bottom flask 1. Weigh the flask with the product. Background: The Williamson Ether Synthesis was discovered circa 1860 by Alexander Williamson in London. The percent recovery of acetaminophen from the impure sample to the pure sample was 76%.


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williamson ether synthesis lab report

The main goal of this lab is to synthesize and prepare a phenacetin by Acetaminophen Tylenol and iodoethane in the presence of a base. But with tetra n-butyl ammonium serving as a phase transfer catalyst a more organic cation, will cause the cresolate anion to pair with it forming a transient complex that is more soluble in organic solvent. Despite the practical and informative nature of the Williamson ether synthesis of 2-bromo-4-methoxy-phenoxy benzyl ether. The general method for the synthesis of ether is Williamson ether synthesis, involves nucleophilic displacement of a The name of the reaction was coined after Alexander William Williamson developed it in 1850. This reaction requires a base, potassium carbonate, to create the acetaminophenoxide ion.


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