Concept of development and underdevelopment. Concept OF Underdevelopment 2022-12-11
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The concept of development refers to the process of improving the social, economic, and political well-being of a society or community. It is a multifaceted and complex concept that encompasses a wide range of factors, including economic growth, education, health care, infrastructure, political stability, and social equality.
Underdevelopment, on the other hand, refers to the opposite of development. It is a term used to describe a situation in which a country or region has not progressed or has not progressed as much as other countries or regions. Underdevelopment is typically characterized by low levels of economic growth, poverty, low levels of education and health care, inadequate infrastructure, and political instability.
There are many factors that contribute to the concept of underdevelopment. One of the main causes of underdevelopment is the lack of access to resources and opportunities. In many underdeveloped countries, there is a lack of access to education, health care, and other basic services, which can hinder the development of human capital and prevent individuals from fully participating in the economy.
In addition to resource and opportunity constraints, underdevelopment can also be caused by structural factors such as colonialism, globalization, and economic policies that favor certain groups or countries over others. For example, the exploitation of natural resources and labor in colonized countries by colonial powers can lead to underdevelopment and a perpetuation of poverty and inequality. Similarly, globalization and economic policies that prioritize the interests of developed countries can also contribute to underdevelopment in less developed countries.
To address underdevelopment, it is important for governments and international organizations to implement policies and programs that promote sustainable economic growth, improve access to resources and opportunities, and address structural inequalities. This can include investing in education and health care, building infrastructure, and implementing economic policies that promote inclusive growth and equitable distribution of resources.
Overall, the concept of development and underdevelopment is complex and multifaceted, and addressing underdevelopment requires a holistic and nuanced approach that takes into account the various factors that contribute to it.
(DOC) THE CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND blog.sigma-systems.com
Worse still is that women and girls not only suffer the discrimination but also that their suffering often goes unnoticed. But, later on, it was felt that despite achieving the growth target set the UN, the masses could not be freed from the trap of poverty and unemployment in most of these countries. This sort of increasing dependence on agricultural sector leads to disguised unemployment or under- employment in these economies to a large scale. It was assumed that growth in GNP per capita would trickle down to people at the bottom. In fact this concept of development seeks for the civil society rather than the state to own up and nurture development, so that the role of social actors is enhanced. After the Second World War, economists started devoting their attention towards analyzing the problems of underdeveloped countries and formulating theories and models of development and growth.
CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT [Autosaved].pptx
Introduction All nations strive and direct their efforts to the achievement of development, hence be better and competitively placed in terms of power and wealth. In these underdeveloped countries, agriculturists are still following traditional methods and are applying modernised techniques on a very limited scale. Agricultural productivity in these countries remained still very poor in spite of its great importance. By the year 1996, 21% of their population was living in urban areas and this will grow to 43% in the year 2025. This growing capacity was based on advancing technology and the concomitant institutional and ideological adjustments.
Its successful development is essential for national economic growth. Development, like modernization, is a concept, which was used to analyze the level of social, economic and political progress in colonial countries on the lines of progress attained the West after the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution. The capacity to obtain physical necessities, particularly food; ii. A Critique of the Sociology of Development and Underdevelopment. Nurkse, Lewis, Prebisch, and others. As a system of knowledge it exists in many forms and branches and thus the popular association of science with white lab coats and laboratories while describing one type of scientist and some types of science fails to do the concept justice. Better targeting means that the government must look at different needs and concerns of their women, men and girls and boys.
Based on the famous Harrod-Domar equation that growth rate of the GNP equals the national savings ratio divided by the national capital-output ratio, all that the Third World nations have to do to achieve development is to arrive at the quantity and mixture of saving, investment, and foreign aid, as was done in the past by the nations which went through the stages of economic growth, Development, thus, tended to be discussed in terms of economic growth, until it came to be realized that while savings and investment were necessary conditions of economic growth, they were not a sufficient condition. Taking a Gender Perspective in Development One major strategy to address issues of underdevelopment in Africa is for the governments to redirect their planning to make them address priority needs of all their targets regardless of gender. Worse still their health status need a lot of consideration, as they are more vulnerable to diseases due to their reproductive and biological roles. In Latin American countries, the degree of urbanization has reached the level of North America i. In the high income developed countries, three quarters of their population live in urban areas.
London: Frank Cass Sen, A. In that note, the only way to compare the positive progression of a particular society or country should be with its own historical structures, but not with those aspects of the developed countries. Until the World War II, interest was rarely shown on the problems of the present day third World Countries. As per this perspective, the theory of development could be described to entail the concept of historical influences to the extent of progress for any given society. Mass Poverty: Existence of chronic mass poverty is another characteristic of underdeveloped economies. The pace of economic growth in these countries is very slow due to application of poor technologies. These difficulties include inaccessibility of the region, shortage of capital, lack of proper attention, primitive technology, transport bottlenecks and small extent of the market.
Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multidimensional process involving reorganization and reorientation of entire economic AND social 7. The issues of environment, pollution, women, habitat, hunger and employment have come to the fore one by one and continue to require public and institutional attention along with resource allocations. The study aroused a lot of concern by the U. Similarly, the less developed were the greatest exporters of major products to the wealthy and powerful nations, as well as being the biggest sources of capital for the First World metropolis. The structure that is ever changing is linked to the core or metropolitan countries that are capitalist and developed. WIDER DEFINITIONS OF SOCIALWELL BEING AND FREEDOMS: dev as distributive justice 1. THE ORGINS OF DEVELOPMENT IN ENLIGHTENMENT ERA: 1.
Frank rejects the proposition implying that the capitalist structure or system has placed major impacts on all sectors of the economy. Note: Development can be presented either as a desirable end state or as a continous process. This lesson examines issues of development process as it takes on board the needs and concerns of all members of the society: women, girls, boys and men. An understanding of gender will help us to appreciate and understand why gender perspective is important in addressing issues of development. Let us briefly discuss this theory.
Paul Baran 1982 widely regarded as the father of dependency theory observes that such unequal relationships between the centre and periphery renders attempts by poor societies to be self-reliant and independent in their development efforts difficult and sometimes even impossible. They have the capacity to make life better or worse. We will learn about the systems of agriculture practised in Africa; contributions of agriculture to national economic growth; and some constraints to agriculture and rural development Objectives We will start the topic by defining agriculture and discussing the systems used in agriculture in Africa before moving to the contribution of agriculture to rural development. He looked upon the economic growth of nations as long term rise in the capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods to its population. Let us also introduce you to a qualitative view of development where, the process and the end-state of development are important. There has to occur change in the sense of greater equity and distributive justice.
