The concept of a core and periphery in geography refers to the relationships between different regions within a country or the world. The core region is typically more economically and politically powerful, while the periphery is less developed and reliant on the core for resources and economic opportunities.
One way to understand the core-periphery model is to consider the global economy. The core regions of the global economy are often located in the developed countries of the world, such as the United States, Europe, and Japan. These countries have strong economies, advanced infrastructure, and a high level of technological development. In contrast, the periphery regions are often located in developing countries and are characterized by lower levels of economic development and a reliance on exports to the core regions.
Another way to think about the core-periphery model is to consider the relationships between different regions within a country. For example, in the United States, cities like New York and San Francisco are often considered core regions due to their high levels of economic development and cultural significance. In contrast, rural areas or smaller cities may be considered periphery regions due to their lower levels of economic development and reliance on the core for resources and opportunities.
The concept of a core and periphery is important for understanding the dynamics of economic and political power within and between countries. It helps to explain why some regions are more developed and influential than others, and how this can shape the opportunities and challenges faced by different groups of people.
However, it is important to note that the core-periphery model is not a fixed or static concept. Over time, the balance of power between core and periphery regions can shift as economic and political conditions change. For example, the rise of China as a global economic power has led to a shift in the balance of power between the core and periphery regions of the global economy.
In conclusion, the concept of a core and periphery in geography is a useful way to understand the relationships between different regions and the dynamics of economic and political power. While the core and periphery are not fixed categories, they can help us to better understand the challenges and opportunities faced by different groups of people and the ways in which power is distributed within and between countries.
1.3: Core and Periphery
Which is considered the core of the body? They are Toronto, Montreal, and the capital city of Ottawa. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. It contains the second longest river in the world. This awareness has, in part, led to the concept of sustainable development. But there are quite literally dozens of different ways to approach economic geography.
Countries whose economies mostly revolve around the secondary economic sector are typically developing. Perhaps the three most common indicators are gross domestic product GDP , gross national income GNI , and the GDP is the total monetary value of all of the economic activity within a country's borders. The Secondary Economic Sector The secondary economic sector revolves around refining raw natural resources into something that can actually be used, so this sector includes manufacturing and construction. Recent examples are countries like Finally, both world-systems and exchange-based models of core and periphery are criticized for their use of static categories that do not adequately reflect complexities and variations on the ground. This is mostly accomplished through the promotion of free trade, wherein countries eliminate tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imports and exports. Concomitantly, the accessibility of the semi-periphery improved, permitting the integration of its comparative advantages in labor and resources. This discrepancy between GDP and HDI ranking suggests that economic development on its own does not always lead to an improvement in life for the common citizen.
The process of underdevelopment started with the incorporation of a particular external area into the world system. In common parlance, the core of the body is broadly considered to be the torso. China is thus best described as a semi-peripheral country in the capitalist world system. They are marked by above average land mass, as exemplified by Argentina, China, India, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, and Iran. Who is the founder of the core periphery structure? Technological advances are likely to occur only in the core because of the World-systems theory also adds a third category, the semi-periphery, which mediates between core and peripheral areas, stabilizing the system. At the interstate scale, examples of core areas are the UNITED STATES, the countries of Western Europe, and JAPAN. Geographically, these processes have tended to concentrate and segregate—this produces places where core processes dominate and places where peripheral processes dominate.
Once a country has further developed, it can and sometimes must, to maintain expected profits outsource its labor to the cheapest market with the most resources. World Economy One key aspect of economic geography should be obvious by now: economic development does not happen in a bubble. Thus, the core-periphery concept is dynamic as economic development incites the integration of economics into what can be considered as the core. Therefore, where core and peripheral processes are located, as well as what constitutes core and peripheral processes, can change over time. Within the discipline of The concepts of core and periphery can be applied to various Countries like Although core and peripheral areas are often mapped, they are not place-based phenomena, but rather are characterized by the production processes present.
Accessibility is higher within the elements of the core than within the periphery. The tertiary economic sector revolves around not just retail sales and mass consumption, but also the service industry in general, which can range from garbage collection to a taxi ride. How are core and periphery used in geography? It achieves this by publishing shorter articles that focus on topical issues, new research results, methodology theory and practice, and academic commentaries and debates. Historically, this dominance was political through the incorporation of the periphery into colonial empires, but from the second half of the 20th century, economic factors became the key drivers. The United States, Canada, most of Western Europe, Japan, Australia and New Zealand are examples of present core countries that have the most power in the world economic system. Cores are associated with high wages, high technology, and high profit inputs and outcomes. The NICs are competing to varying degrees for core status.
Is China a core country? The periphery has those countries that are not reaping the benefits of global wealth and globalization. The peripheral areas are therefore losing young, potentially educated, adults. It recognizes the tendency by the most competitive entities to locate their manufacturing and service activities in the most developed regions. That said, it is very rare for a country to entirely abandon an economic sector; doing so would cause it to be wholly dependent on foreign trade. With industrialization and economic development, North America, Japan, and Australia became core areas of the world economy by the early 20th century. Peripheral countries are dependent on core countries for capital and have underdeveloped industry.
It was developed in 1963 by John Friedmann. The emergence of core countries is the outcome of a historical process of economic development that began in England and northern Europe during the industrial revolution in the 19th century. Thus, that part of Geography which deals with the Euro-North American orbit has implicitly been defined as the 'core', whilst the study of poorer societies has been assigned the status of 'periphery'. In the 19th century, core processes were characterized by the industrialized mass production of goods, such as textiles, in places like Manchester, England. Economic Geography Examples To see economic geography in action, let's take a look at a couple of different examples of development concepts.
The periphery has those countries that are not reaping the benefits of global wealth and globalization. Why USA is a core country? Uneven development can leave some people impoverished even as national wealth increases. This material including graphics can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. Census Bureau data estimated that the top 20 percent of wage earners made up roughly 51 percent of all U. World-systems theory was first proposed by Immanuel Wallerstein 1974 as a model to explain the persistence of worldwide economic disparities A unique aspect of the world economy model is the way power is understood. What is an example of a core country? Countries like CAMBODIA, BANGLADESH, and most of Sub-Saharan Africa are examples of the periphery, where technologically simple, labor-intensive, lowskill, and low-wage occupations predominate. An American citizen living and working in France, for example, would not be included in the GDP but would be included in the GNI.
